The Failures of Mathematical Anti-Evolutionism
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The Failures of Mathematical Anti-Evolutionism (Jason Rosenhouse) (z-lib.org)
(Marks, Dembski, and Ewert 2017, 1)
A few paragraphs later, they give a clear statement of their primary thesis: Our work was initially motivated by attempts of others to describe Darwinian evolution by computer simulation or mathematical models. The authors of these papers purport that their work relates to biological evolution. We show repeatedly that the proposed models all require inclusion of significant 212 6 information and combinatorial search knowledge about the problem being solved. If a goal of a model is specified in advance, that’s not Darwinian evolution; it’s intelligent design. So ironically, these models of evolution purported to demonstrate Darwinian evolution necessitate an intelligent designer. (Marks, Dembski, and Ewert 2017, 1–2) Let us see what this means. In Section 6.8, we saw that the No Free Lunch theorems imply that there is no universally successful search algorithm. If an algorithm performs well on one problem, then there must be other problems where it performs poorly. As we have discussed, in practice this means that researchers confronted with a specific search problem must tailor their choice of algorithm to fit the problem. That is, the researchers use the information they have about the nature of the problem to choose an effective algorithm. MDE propose to quantify the information the researcher brings to the problem. Specifically, they refer to this as “active information,” claim to provide a rigorous definition of what it is, and then prove theorems about it. Their chief result, which they refer to as a “con- servation of information” theorem, then shows that the quantity of information outputted by the algorithm cannot exceed the amount of active information brought to the problem by the researcher. In responding to this claim, we find ourselves in the same position we were in back in Section 5.6. We saw that Dembski claimed to have produced a piece of mathematical machinery – complex, specified information – that could be used to distinguish things that must have been designed from things that could be explained in some other way. He then proposed to apply this machinery to biology, and claimed thereby to show that intelligent design is in some way implicated in natural history. We decided that we did not need to examine every piece of the machinery, since we only cared about its claimed application to biology. And so it is here. It would take many pages to explain and analyze the mathematical formalism proposed by MDE, but it would 6.10 conservation of information 213 not further our agenda to do so. If they want to apply their techniques to abstract problems in combinatorial search, then they are welcome to do so. Whether such proposed applications have any merit would be a topic for a different book. Our interest here is solely in the manner in which they apply their machinery to biology. As it happens, and as the earlier quote made clear, they do not propose to apply their conservation of information theorem directly to biology. Instead they target the sorts of artificial life experiments we considered in Section 6.9, as well as other sorts of computer simulations of evolution. Their claim is that all such simulations are unrealistic because the researchers bring active information to their project. For example, with respect to the “Avida” experiment mentioned in Section 6.9, they write: [A]vida is a computer program which, its creators say, “show[s] how complex functions can originate by random mutation and natural selection.” [C]ontrary to the claims of the authors, the source of the success of Avida is not due to the evolutionary algorithm, but to sources of information embedded in the computer program. A strong contribution to the success of Avida is [sic] stairstep information source embedded in the computer program. Download 0.99 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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