The Failures of Mathematical Anti-Evolutionism
particular, we considered the claim that evolution conflicts with the
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The Failures of Mathematical Anti-Evolutionism (Jason Rosenhouse) (z-lib.org)
particular, we considered the claim that evolution conflicts with the second law. Now, thermodynamics is a very well researched branch of science. Its practitioners have developed tremendously sophisticated mathematical models for handling various sorts of systems, and these models have proven their worth through numerous practical successes in physics and engineering. 270 8 epilogue But anti-evolutionists do not use any of this in their discourse. The powerful mathematics of real research in thermodynamics may as well not exist for all the use made of it in their writing. Shorn of the physics jargon, their thermodynamical arguments amount to little more than blunt assertions of incredulity that evolution can increase the complexity of organisms over time. Once again, we see that powerful concepts from physics and mathematics are playing only a rhetorical role in their arguments. If you are not using any of the mathematical machinery of thermodynamics, then there is no reason to bring it up at all. Everyone agrees that complex biological systems require a special kind of explanation. Biologists rightly believe they have a sufficient explanation while anti-evolutionists demur, but the important point is that this discussion has nothing to do with thermodynamics. This pattern, of introducing difficult mathematical concepts without ever really using them for any serious purpose, is ubiquitous in anti-evolution discourse, and this fact goes a long way to explaining why mathematicians and scientists are so disdainful of it. Profes- sionals in these areas strive for the utmost clarity when presenting their work. Used properly, the jargon and notation permit a level of precision that simply cannot be achieved with more natural language. This might seem hard to believe, since a modern scientific research paper will be unreadable for anyone without significant training in the relevant discipline. But the problem is not a lack of clarity in the writing. Rather, it is just that the concepts involved are difficult, and experience is needed to become comfortable with them. If you have the necessary training and experience, you quickly develop a nose for counterfeits. You can easily distinguish serious work in a discipline from propaganda and rhetoric. You know when jargon and notation are being used to speak with precision about a complex topic, and you know when it is just being used to bamboozle a lay audience. In Section 2.6, I remarked that anti-evolutionist arguments play well in front of friendly audiences because in that environment the 8.2 can intelligence build complex adaptations? 271 speakers never pay a price for being wrong. The response would be a lot chillier if they tried the same arguments in front of audiences with the relevant expertise. Try telling a roomful of mathematicians that you can refute evolutionary theory with a few back-of-the-envelope probability calculations, and see how far you get. Tell a roomful of physicists that the second law of thermodynamics conflicts with evolutionary theory, or a roomful of computer scientists that obscure theorems from combinatorial search have profound relevance to biology. You will be lucky to make it ten minutes before the audience stops being polite. 8.2 can intelligence build complex adaptations? There is a final point to be made before wrapping this up. Anti-evolutionists employ a bizarre double standard in assessing the relative merits of natural selection and intelligent design. As we have seen, scientists point to copious physical evidence in support of their view that evolution by natural selection can craft complex structures. They point to the small-scale evidence of field studies of natural selection, and to the large-scale evidence of common descent. They note that all complex adaptations studied to date show clear signs of arising not from intelligent engineering, but through a long historical process. They point to numerous specific examples where we have strong evidence from paleontology, embryology, and genetics to tell us what the stepping-stones actually were. Anti-evolutionists scoff at all of this. They dismiss it out of hand. They accuse scientists of making absurd extrapolations and of being blinded by materialist bias. They suggest that until you evolve a flagellum from scratch in a laboratory you have nothing. Contrast that with how they treat intelligent design. For exam- ple, in his book Undeniable, ID proponent Douglas Axe writes: 272 8 epilogue We’re left to think that poor Tavros 2 [a solar-powered, underwater vehicle] is really no more worthy of comparison to a lowly cyanobacterium than it is to an exalted dolphin. After all, raw natural ingredients like sand and metal ores and crude oil become Tavros 2 only with the skillful help of thousands of people at hundreds of industrial plants of various kinds. With all due respect, this human invention does very little in comparison to the human effort expended to manufacture it. The contrast with cyanobacteria could hardly be more stark. Download 0.99 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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