The ministry of higher and secondary 5 special education of the republic of uzbekistan jizzakh state pedagogical university faculty of preschool and elementary education (foreign language) course work theme

5.1. Relation of phonetic and phonology
"Phonetics" in a broad sense is speech and patterns (paradigmatic and "Phonology'' of the basic elenents of Seepronunciation used in a language syntagmatic) of listening processes. These patterns are observed in structures and pronunciation consists of constraints that occur within and between languages and has synchronic and diachronic effects. History shows that Phonology study in the Prague school in the 1930s separated from the study of phonetics due to the influence of structuralists (below and John Ohala's Readings see his account in), Theirs the motivation is that phonetics This is the modern taxonomic approach pronunciation structures and constraints did not provide a reasonable basis for description. Like phoneme and phonological feature structuralists through concepts of language diversity and language change can be studied as causes. Pronunciation inventories that are, limitations and abstract to describe rules they arested a language. Why is there a repeating pattern here? If choose the pronunciation only for specific so unds from ensuring that we have If it comes out, why sounds more similar Is there a pattern that does? Otherwise so to speak, if the phonetics inventory if the only influence on the design is English 44 phonemes in the language are at the same level differ- articular or acoustic between them little sharing of elements consists of 44 distinct articulations showing don't you expect it to be? Phonologists Note that these molds are in our inventory inherent in our linguistic abilities. It appears due to its structural properties and Learning such patterns is universal in human language allows to understand the features. Phonological patterns like these emerge (phonologist says) because there are more phonemes are combinations of basic units, viz The diversity of all subatomic particles is the standard model of particle physics explained by And
for years of this type in the phonological inventory. The phonological choices of the pattern are more primitive. One to explain by dividing into units how many attempts have there been: Jacobson's features, Kay's phonological But a similar explanation of scientific phonetics can it be Phonetics of phonemes to explain the similarity from a phonetic point of view is it possible For example, in phonemes exchange of gestures reduces the complexity of articulation or lexical use facilitate or pronounce words help to remember or speech for the variability of the communication speaker can make it strong. The same patterns will still exist, but they are scientific will have an explanation. All studied in phonology "patterns" and "processes" are all discourse that communication is rooted in phonetics at least one can imagine. The form of speech is not arbitrary and fixed, but depends on humananatomy, its neurophysiological control, our cognitive abilities, and our social structures. Language is outside of ourselves not something we learn to use we have to fight. Spoken language people invented for people by and the physical,
physiological, precisely because of its psychological and social aspects has this form. Phonological patterns of language change and variability complicated by its random nature, however, a scientific point of view can be explained. Phonology is the sequence of sounds in a language. Science dealing with conditional patterning. So, phonological knowledge to produce sounds that make meaningful sentences for the speaker, foreign to recognize 'pronunciation", to make new words, forming plural and past tense forms to add the corresponding phonetic segments for, "aspiration allows for the formation of "aspirated" and "unaspirated". Voiceless stops in the appropriate context, knowing what a sound is or isn't in their language and knowledge of different phonetic sequences can represent the same "unit of meaning'.Since the grammar of a language represents the some of a person's linguistic knowledge, sound knowing patterns – the phonological component - is part of the grammar.
5.2.Phonological units of language.
Phonemes are phonological units of language. They are unique that distinguish words contrasting segmental consisting of features are units. As you know, every word is different from words both in form and meaning is different. The difference between sip and zip is that the initial sound of the first word is s (s] and the initial sound of the second word is z (z] is "alarmed" with The forms, that is, the sounds of both words the same except for the head consonant. [s] and [z] therefore can distinguish or contrast words. They are unique sounds in the English language. Minimum pair: Replacing one sound with another word see if it results in another word If the first form of phoneme identification is identical in is the rule. If so, the two sounds represent different phonemes. If so, the two sounds represent different phonemes. Two kinds all respects except for one sound segment that occurs somewhere in the string, two words are called a minimal pair. Sink and sin are a minimal pair, like petite and vine, piece and junk. Free variation: English speakers like don't or cant the [t] symbol at the end of words or a bottle or a button the glottal point in the midde of words like they change Changing meanings of glottal stop does not change; [dont] and [don’t] are not opposites in meaning, nor are [bat1] or [ba*1]. That's why The glottal stop for is not a phoneme in English because it not a unique sound. These sounds are [t] and [t] in free variation in words. So we we know that some sounds speak in the same environment can appear without changing its meaning, then we say they are in free variation. Unique features: A feature that distinguishes one phoneme from another is called a distinctive feature (or phonemic feature). If two words are phonetically similar except for one feature, when the contrast or then the phonetic difference is specific because of this difference in meaning is taken into account. The two phonetic forms must be distinct and there must be Swapped to be opposite some phonetic difference between the meaning sounds. The minimal pair seal [sil] and zeal [zil] [s] and [zl are two contrasts in English indicates that it represents a phoneme. The only difference between [[s] and [z] is voiced difference is [s] is voi celess and [z] is voiced. This is exactly the phonetic feature separates the two words from each other. Voicing plays a special role in English (and other languages). Also, feel and body [f]/[v] and cover and container [pl/b] differentiates. Complementary distribution: Never two or more sOunds unless they occur in the same phonemic context or environment, they are said to be in a complementary distribution. When oral vowels occur, nasal vowels do not occur and vice versa. It is in this sense that phones are said to be complementary or in a complementary distribution.