The ministry of higher and secondary 5 special education of the republic of uzbekistan jizzakh state pedagogical university faculty of preschool and elementary education (foreign language) course work theme

4.Phonological aspects of words.
Words used to describe phonological contrasts, minimal pairs of words.
Phonology deals with sound structure in individual languages: the way distinctions in sound are used to differentiate linguistic items, and the ways in which the sound structure of the 'same' element varies as a function of the other sounds in its context. Phonology and phonetics both involve sound in natural language, but differ in that phonetics deals with sounds from a language-independent point of view, while phonology studies the ways in which they
are distributed and deployed within particular languages. Phonology originated
with the insight that much observable phonetic detail is irrelevant or predictable
within the system of a given language. This led to the positing of phonemes as minimal contrastive sound units in language, each composed (according to many writers) of a collection of distinctive features of contrast. Later work showed that a focus on surface contrast ultimately was misguided, and generative phonology replaced this with a conception of phonology as as an aspect of
speakers' knowledge of linguistic structure. There is a classification of phonological contrasts according to the relationship between the contrasts.
A feature that is unique in one language may not be unique in another language. The concept of specific feature is important for the analysis of phonological feature. An articulatory, acoustic, and perceptual feature that can distinguish two phonemes is called a distinguishing feature. A feature that fails to serve this purpose is known as a non-specific Feature. Each phoneme is the same as the other phoneme can be distinguished by specific and uncertain features. A phoneme is a set of unique features. A phoneme as a linguistic unit performs the task of distinguishing between lexical and grammatical forms and thus fulfills its communicative function in the language. Each phoneme is a member of a phonological contrast with its allophones. A big difference between English spelling and pronunciation is special phonetic markings to avoid misunderstanding allows you to use and choose. The transcription symbol of a particular language is based on the international phonetic alphabet. The most widely used transcription of the language is known as the "broad form of phonetic transcription, which was combined the elements English linguistics by Daniel Jones. This transcription is known as The Concise Dictionary of Current English and some others used in dictionaries. The phonetic symbols used in the broad form of transcription are as follows: Vowels: [ ,e, a, u, o, i, ] Consonants. [p, b, t, d, k, g, s, z, t) f, e, o, J, h, w). It is also used in some textbooks and dictionaries there is a narrow form of phonetic transcription. Wide and narrow transcription for consonants There is no difference between the phonetic designation of the forms. As for the transcription of American English vowels and some consonants.