Must va Have to
Biz bularni biror narsa qilish zarurligini, kerakligini aytganda ishlatamiz. Ba’zida ularning qaysi birini ishlatishni farqi yo’q.
Oh dear, it’s later than I thought. I must (have to) go now.
Lekin ular bazida ham ma’no, ham ishlatilishi jihatdan farq qiladi.
Ma’nodagi farqlari.
Biz must ni o’zimizning shaxsiy ichki kechinmalarimiz, his-tuyg’ularimizdan kelib chiqib o’ylab biror narsa qilish kerakligini aytishda ishlatamiz. Bunda aynan hozir bajarish shart emas.
I must write to Ann. I haven’t written to her for ages.
Ma’lum sharoit taqazosi bilan biror narsa qilish zarurligini aytishda have (has) to dan foydalanamiz.
Ann’s eyes are not very good. She has to wear glasses for reading.
Ishlatilishidagi farqi.
Must faqat hozirgi va kelasi zamonlar uchun ishlatiladi va so’roq inkorini o’zi yasaydi.
We must go now.
Must you leave tomorrow?
Have to barcha zamonlarda ishlatilishi mumkin. Zamon va shaxsga qarab so’roq inkorini do, does, did orqali yasaladi.
I had to go to hospital.
Have you ever had to go to hospital?
Tom doesn’t have to work on Saturdays.
Have to modal fe’li so’roq inkorini o’zi yasay olmaydigan yagona modal fe’ldir.
Mustn’t, don’t have to
Mustn’t da qat’iy biror narsa qilmaslik kerak bo’ladi.
Don’t have to da esa bajarish uncha shart emas yani bajarsa ham, bajarmasa ham bo’lishini ifodalaydi.
I promised I would be on time. I mustn’t be late.
I don’t have to wear a suit to work but I usually do.
Have to = have got to
Needn’t, needn’t have
Hozirgi zamonda biror narsa qilishni hojati yo’q deyishni 4 xil usuli mavjud.
1. S + needn’t + V1 2. S + don’t (doesn’t) + need to + V1
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