The Present simple tense

He made so many mistakes that he failed.
Sabab ergash gap bog’lovchilari.
1. Because :
I took a taxi because it was raining. Because it was raining I took a taxi.
2. As/since – chunki, tufayli,sababli:
They bought him a gift as/since it was his birthday. As/since it was his birthday, they bought him a gift.
3. The reason for + noun/Ving:
The reason for his resignation was (the fact) that he had been offered a better job.
4. The reason why + gap:
The reason why he resigned was (the fact) that he had been offered a better job.
5. Because of/on account of/due to – (tufayli) + ot:
All flights were cancelled because of/on account of/due to the thick fog.
6. Because of/on account of/due to the fact that + gap:
He asked for a few days off because of/on account of/due to the fact that he was exhausted.
7. Now (that) + gap:
Now (that) they have children, they have less free time.
8. For = because. Ushbu birikma doim asosiy gapdan so’ng keladi:
The citizens of Yarkishlak were upset, for a new factory was to be built near their village.
9. Seeing (that) - ko’rib, bilib:
Seeing (that) he is ill today, we shall have to postpone the meeting.

Maqsad ergash gap bog’lovchilari:

1. To infinitive:
She went shopping to look for some new clothes.
2. in order to/so as to + infinitive:
He did a post graduate course in order to/so as to widen his knowledge of international politics.
Inkor gaplarda: in order not to/so as not to:
Shohboz wrote the number down in order not to/so as not to forget it.
3. So that + can/will (present/future ma’nosida):
Zafarbek has booked a first class ticket so that she can travel in comfort.
4. So that + could/would (past):
Murodjon recorded the match so that he could watch it later.
5. In order that + can/will (present/future)/ could/would (past reference)
We will send you the forms in order that you can make your application.
6. In case + present tense (present/future reference):
Take your credit card in case you run out of cash.
7. In case + past tense (past reference):
Donyor took a jumper in case it got cold. (“in case” dan so’ng “will/would” kelmaydi.)
8. For + ot (harakatning maqsadini ifodalashda):
Yodgor went to the doctor’s for a check-up.
9. For + Ving (biror narsaning ishlatilish maqsadini yoki funksiyasini ifodalashda):
We use a spade for digging.
Inkor/bo’lishsizlik ma’nosidagi maqsad ergash gap bo’g’lovchilari.
1. Prevent + ot/olmosh + (from) +Ving:
Shahnoza covered the sofa with a sheet to prevent it (from) getting dark.
2. Avoid + Ving :
Dilnoza and Shahnoza set of early in the morning to avoid being late for the English course.
3. Lest – maslik maqsadida:
They wrapped the instruments in oilcloth lest they should be damaged by sea water.
Exclamations.
1. So + sifat/ravish:
This cake is so tasty! Ibrohim works so hard!
2. Such a/an + sifat + birlikdagi sanaladigan ot:
This is such an original design!
3. Such (ravish) + sanalmaydigan/ko’plikdagi ot:
Isomiddin gave me such valuable information! She’s wearing such elegant clothes!
4. What a/an +sifat + birlikdagi sanaladigan ot:
What a lovely view! What an unusual pattern! What a day!
5. What (sifat) + sanalmaydigan/ko’plikdagi ot:
What expensive furniture! What comfortable shoes!
6. How + sifat/ravish:
How clever he is! How well she behaved!
7. Inkor so’roqli hayajon gap:
Isn’t she a graceful dancer!
Zidlov bog’lovchilari.
1. But:
It was cold, but she wasn’t wearing a coat.
2. Although/even though/though + gap:
Although/even though/though it was summer, it was chilly.
It was chilly although/even though/though it was summer.
“though” gapning so’ngida ham kelishi mumkin:
It was summer. It was chilly, though.
3. In spite of/despite + ot/Ving:
In spite of/despite his qualification, he couldn’t get a job.
He couldn’t get a job in spite of/despite being qualified.
4. In spite of/despite the fact that+gap:
In spite of/despite the fact that he was qualified, he couldn’t get a job.
5. However/nevertheless – bu so’zlardan keyin albatta vergul ishlatiladi:
Sobir fell off the ladder. However/Neverthless, he wasn’t hurt.
6. While/whereas – aksincha:
Bobur is tall, while/whereas his brother is rather short.
7. Yet/still-ammo,biroq.:
The fire was widespread, yet no property was damaged.
My car is old. Still, it is in good condition.
8. On the other hand – boshqa tomondan qaraganda:
Cars are not environmentally friendly. On the other hand, bicycles are. /Bicycles, on the other hand, are.
Clauses of manner.
1. “As if/as though” so’zlari quyidagi: “act, appear, be, behave, feel, look, seem, smell, sound, taste” so’zlaridan keyin kelib kimnidir yoki nimanidir qanday ko’rinayotganini yoki o’zini tutayotganligini ifodalaydi:
Zokir is acting as if/as though he has had bad news.
Boshqa so’zlar bilan ham “As if/as though” ishlatilishi mumkin:
Anvar talks as if/as though he knows everything.
2. As if/as though+past tense – noreal hozirgi zamon:
Nodir spends his money as if/as though he were a millionaire.
Og’zakida “asif/as though” ni o’rniga “like” ni qo’llashimiz mumkin:
She looks like she’s going to faint.
Shart ergash gap bog’lovchilari.
1. If – agar.
He will send the letter tomorrow if you send it off now.
2. On condition that – sharti bilan, agar.
I will lend you the book on condition (that) you return it on Monday.
3. Unless – agar masa.
I’ll go there tomorrow unless I’m too busy.
4. Provided/providing that – agar, sharti bilan.
We shall be able to ship the goods at the end of May provided (that) the order is received immediately.
5. Supposing that –agar, borki.
Supposing (that) he doesn’t come, who will do the work
Qiyoslash ergash gap bog’lovchilari.
1. As … as – dek.
I get up as early as you do.
2. not so/as … as – … dek emas.
The book is not so interesting as I thought.
3. Than – ga qaraganda.
He returned sooner than we had expected.