The Present simple tense
Donalab sanalmaydigan va sanaladigan otlar
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tayyori 2003
- Bu sahifa navigatsiya:
- Istisno holatlar: Time
- Otlarda ko’plik qo’shimchasi Ingliz tilida otlarda ko’plik shaklini yasashda s
- Radio- radios, photo- photos, video- videos 2. agar y
- One fish- two fish, one deer- two deer aircraft, spacecraft, hovercraft, crossroads, means, series, species, works
- Roof- roofs, proof- proofs, chief- chiefs, Safe -safes, Handkerchief -handkerchiefs, Wharf -wharfs- wharves
- A Man-men
- - Penny
- Custom-house Man-of-war Hotel-keeper Mother-in-law Passer-by Man-servants Woman-doctor
- Custom-houses Men-of-war Hotel-keepers Mothers-in-law Passers-by Men-sevants Women-doctors Schoolboys
- Three dozen
- Otlarda kelishik (Case of Nouns) Ingliz tilida otlarda faqat ikkita kelishik bor: a) bosh (umumiy) kelishik (The common case) ;
- The manager
- House -uy, office
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Donalab sanalmaydigan va sanaladigan otlar
Donalab sanash mumkin bo’lgan otlar donalab sanaladigan otlar hisoblanadi: table-stol, student-talaba, ant-chumoli, book-kitob… Sanash mumkin bo’lmagan otlar sanalmaydiagan otlar hisoblanadi(boshqa tillarda sanash mumkin). Ba’zi donalab sanalmaydigan otlar ro’yxati:
Istisno holatlar: Time – vaqt ma’nosida sanalmaydi / Marta ma’nosida sanaladi. Hair – soch ma’nosida sanalmaydi / sochning bir tolasi(qil) ma’nosida sanaladi. Experience – tajira ma’nosida sanalmaydi / voqea-hodisa sifatida sanaladi. Paper – qog’oz ma’nosida sanalmaydi / gazeta ma’nosida sanaladi. Glass-shisha,oyna ma’nosida kelsa sanalmaydi, stakan ma’nosida kelsa sanaladi. Quyidagi donalab sanaladigan va sanalmaydigan otlarni taqqoslaymiz:
Otlarda ko’plik qo’shimchasi Ingliz tilida otlarda ko’plik shaklini yasashda s qo’shimchasini qo’shish orqali yasaladi. Lekin ba’zida boshqa holatlar ham uchraydi, 1. agar otlar s, ss, x, ch, sh, o, harf va harf birikmalari bilan tugasa ularga es qo;shimchasi qo’shish orqali yasaladi. Bus – buses, fox- foxes. Bush- bushes. Dress- dresses. Potato -potatoes Istisno holatlar Radio- radios, photo- photos, video- videos 2. agar y harfidan oldin unli harf kelsa- s qo’shimchasi to’g’ridan to’g’ri qo’shilaveradi Boy- boys, toy- toys, 3.agar y harfidan oldin undosh harf kelsa y harfi tushib qoladi va uni o’rniga= ies qo’shimchasi qo’shiladi Baby- babies, lorry- lorries 4. ba’zi otlarda faqatgina old ko’plikni ko’rsatuvchi so’zlar o’zgaradi One fish- two fish, one deer- two deer aircraft, spacecraft, hovercraft, crossroads, means, series, species, works Ba’zi otlarning ko’pligi,qo’shimcha qo’shilmasdan,o’zagidan o’zgaradi: 5.agar otlar- f, -fe lar bilan tugasa- ves bo’lib qoladi. Leaf- leaves, wife- wives Wolf-wolves Knife-knives Istisno holat Roof- roofs, proof- proofs, chief- chiefs, Safe-safes, Handkerchief-handkerchiefs, Wharf-wharfs- wharves
- Penny – pens otining 2 ta ko’pligi bor : Pence-pul birligi/ Pennies – tangalar,chaqalar ma’nosida. Qo’shma otlarning ko’pligi
Dozen- dyujina (o’n ikkitalik) , score- yigirmartalik so’zlaridan oldin son kelsa, birlik va ko’plikda bir xil shaklga ega bo’ladi. Three dozen eggs-3 dyujinalik tuxum , two score of years- 40 yil. Most personal nouns have the same form whether male or female (doctor, teacher etc). Some nouns have different forms, though. Some of these are:
actor - actress barman - barmaid boy - girl (bride)groom - bride brother - sister duke - duchess emperor - empress father - mother gentleman - lady grandfather - grandmother hero - heroine husband - wife king - queen landlord - landlady lord - lady monk - nun nephew - niece policeman - policewoman prince - princess son - daughter steward - stewardess uncle - aunt waiter - waitress widower - widow Otlarda kelishik (Case of Nouns) Ingliz tilida otlarda faqat ikkita kelishik bor: a) bosh (umumiy) kelishik (The common case) ; b) qaratqich kelishigi (The possessive Case) ; 1. odatda bosh kelishikda hech qanday kelishik qo’shimchasi bo’lmaydi. Agar gapning boshida kelsa ega bo’ladi, gapning o’rtasida , fe’ldan so’ng kelsa, to’ldiruvchi bo’ladi: The manager recognized the worker. / The worker recognized the manager. 2. Ingliz tilida qaratqich kelishigi otga ’s (apostrofli “s” qo’shimchasi) qo’shish orqali yasaladi: The house’s roof - uyning tomi John’s classmate – Jonning sinfdoshi The sheep’s wool – qo’yning juni (yungi) 3. Otlarda qaratqich kelishigining ko’pligini yasashda otlardan keyin s’ qo’shimchasini qo’shish orqali yasaladi: The guys’ bags – yigitlarning sumkalari The workers’ tools – ishchilarning asboblari 4. Agar otning ko’pligi o’zagidan o’zgargan bo’lsa, apostrof to’g’ridan to’g’ri qo’shilaveradi: The children’s toys – bolalarning o’yinchoqlari The women’s dresses – ayollarning ko’ylaklari The workmen’s tools – ishchilarning asboblari 5.House-uy, office-idora, shop-do’kon kabi so’zlar ko’pincha qaratqich kelishigi (egalik) qo’shimchasi olgan otdan keyin tushib qoladi: I dined at my friend’s (= my friend’s house) / she went to the baker’s (= the baker’s shop) 6.Ba’zi payt ravishlari ham egalik qo’shimchasini oladi: Download 1.48 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: 
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