26. Principal parts of the sentence. The predicate. Different classifications of the predicate.
Predicate is what being said about the theme. It's sth new - the rheme. The form of the P. depends on the subject. The predicate can also influence the subject ascribing to it certain actions or qualities and placing the activity of the subject into certain periods of time or regarding the activity of the subject from a certain angle.
E.g. The boy went to-school.
The boy is 5.
The boy can go to school this уear.
The predicate is more important than the subject as in communication it expresses predication.
Predicates can be of several types:
1. P. can consist of 1 finite verb in a synthetic or analytical form. Such predicates are called simple predicates.
E.g. I talked to him yesterday I was talking to him yesterday. ,
2. Compound predicates consist of 2 groups
- compound nominal predicate
- compound verbal predicate
CNP comprises a link verb and a nominal part. Nominal part of the predicate is called a predicative.
The most frequent link verb is to be. But there are others:
To feel
To grow
To become
To get
To mean
Locative constructions
E.g. They are in Moscow.
They are here.
A model for these sentences - to be + adverb(or a prepositional phrase)
Traditional point of view - an adverb or a prepositional phrase in such sentences function as predicatives and is considered together with to be CNP. To be is the only possible link here.
Other grammarians disagree. Смирницкий: the verb to be is not always devoid of lexical meaning. The lexical meaning of to be depends on its syntactic environment.
E.g. He is here => the meaning of the verb to be is very close to the meaning of the verb to stay.
The meeting is tonight => the meaning of to be is to take place.
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