Theoretical problems of studying space in language consciousness 10

CONCLUSIONS ON THE SECOND CHAPTER
In the second chapter of my master's thesis, we analyzed the category of space in various sciences. We considered the problems of correlation between the category of space and language, as well as the formation of a functional and grammatical approach to the study of language units with spatial meaning. The main approaches to the study of the category of space in linguistics were presented and analyzed, and conclusions were drawn about the leading approaches to the study of the representation of spatial relations in linguistics.
The modern science of language has accumulated quite a large and valuable experience in studying language semantics and its connection with real space. Especially deep knowledge in this area was achieved in the process of formation and development of the cognitive direction in the study of language phenomena.
Despite the considerable attention paid to the study of the semantics and functions of spatial words in modern linguistic research, there is still a need to identify a universal and standard classification of spatial relations expressed by means of natural language. Spatial adverbs, nouns, verbs, and prepositions are among the most significant linguistic means of expressing spatial relations that require further detailed consideration, especially within the framework of a comprehensive cognitive approach and with the involvement of native speakers. A comparative analysis of the identified cognitive, conceptual, semantic, and functional features of the studied parts of speech in different languages is also important. This approach makes it possible to identify language universals in the description of identical spatial relations and to identify the specifics of conceptualization of spatial relations by native speakers of different languages as the cause of language inconsistencies. One important component of studying the semantics of spatial adverbs, nouns, verbs, and prepositions is to identify the content of a spatial concept that is actualized in the mind by specific parts of speech, as well as the dynamics of the relationship between the spatial meaning of these lexemes and the functional one.
Space in philosophy is defined as a philosophical category that expresses the coordination of material systems, the order of their existence, the totality and extent. In the history of philosophy, there was no single concept of space. New aspects of space are contrasted with physical space: psychological, semantic, epistemological, biological, historical, social, etc.
Space is one of the first realities of being that is perceived and differentiated by a person. It is organized around a person who puts himself at the center of the macro-and microcosm. It is no accident that not only space is differentiated in detail by linguistic means in languages of different systems, but it is also the basis for the formation of many types of nominations related to other, non-spatial spheres. Many prepositions, conjunctions, adverbs, nouns, and verbs are undergoing semantic development.
The conducted research clearly demonstrates that the appeal to extra-linguistic reality, the analysis of the ways of its refraction in consciousness and the study of the display of these processes in language opens up the possibility of a deeper understanding of discrepancies in the lexical representation of similar spatial relations in different languages. The importance of studying the relationship between the conceptualization of objects and the semantics of spatial words is beyond doubt and becomes the object of research in modern language science.