Towards a General Theory of Translational Action : Skopos Theory Explained
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Towards a General Theory of Translational Action Skopos Theory Explained by Katharina Reiss, Hans J Vermeer (z-lib.org) (2)
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- 1.3.1 Translating vs. interpreting
1.3 Formal distinctions
For the formal distinction between translating and interpreting, we are indebted to Kade, whose definitions read as follows: 4 Fränzel (1914: 206), quoted in Wilss ([1977]1982: 31), attributes the term Übersetzungs wissenschaft to Schleiermacher. The English translation has been adopted from Snell-Hornby, Mary (2006) The Turns of Translation Studies. New Paradigms or Shifting Viewpoints? Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins. ( ((Translator’s note) Katharina Reiß and Hans J. Vermeer By translating we understand the rendering of a source-language text that has been preserved (in writing) and is hence permanently avail- able or can be repeated at will, in a target-language text which can be checked any time and can be repeatedly corrected. 6 By interpreting we understand the rendering of a source-language text presented once (usually orally) in a target-language text which can be checked only to a limited extent and which due to lack of time can hardly be corrected. 7 1.3.1 Translating vs. interpreting Accordingly, we shall define translating as a specific type of translational action in which the complete source text and target text and all parts thereof remain accessible to the translator in such a way that the process as well as its result can be corrected at any time. (Speaking of ‘the’ text is an abbreviated form of expression, cf. Vermeer [1979]1983: 62-88.) This is usually true for situations in which a written source text is translated into a written target text. The translatum can be checked, independently or against the source text, and corrected. However, it is not necessary that the source text be fixed in written form; it can also be recorded. In this case, it can be checked by replaying the recording. The translatum need not be fixed in written form either; it can be checked and corrected by replaying a voice recorder. Interpreting, on the other hand, is defined as a specific type of translational action in which the process and its result cannot be corrected by the interpreter, e.g. because the source or the target text, or both, are presented only once in oral form and are not available for checking or correction. In a personal communication to the authors dated 20 December 1982, Hella Kirchhoff suggests a distinction according to whether or not the translator has a full overview of the text as an alternative to the distinction based on correctability. In translating, the source (and the target) text can be reviewed completely at a glance, which allows an analysis of the macrostructure and determines the strategies for information processing. “In this sense, working from a tape recording would not be translating”, says Kirchhoff, who is obvi- ously thinking of simultaneous interpreting as opposed to translating. At any rate, the distinction between translating and interpreting is not yet relevant at this early stage of our discussion, nor do we claim to be able to 6 Wir verstehen daher unter Übersetzen die Translation eines fixierten und demzufolge permanent dargebotenen bzw. beliebig oft wiederholbaren Textes der Ausgangssprache in einen jederzeit kontrollierbaren und wiederholt korrigierbaren Text der Zielsprache. (Kade 1968: 3) 4 �nter �nter Dolmetschen verstehen wir die Translation eines einmalig (in der Regel mündlich) dargebotenen Textes der Ausgangssprache in einen nur bedingt kontrollierbaren und infolge Zeitmangels kaum korrigierbaren Text der Zielsprache. (ibid.) Terminological distinctions 10 offer a clear-cut definition which always applies. But there are a few more aspects we would like to address. Download 1.78 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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