Unit 1 Nouns- otlar: singular nouns- birlik otlar plural

Otlar lots of-ko’p (nechta) ko’p ko’p

Sanalmaydigan a lot (of) (how) much much
Otlar ko’p (qancha) ko’p ko’p
* Biz a little/little ni sanalmaydigan otlar bilan ishlatamiz (water-suv, money – pul, rice – guruch).
A little – (oz) yetarli miqdorda, ko’p emas lekin yetarlichani ifodalaydi:
I’ve got a little money. I can buy some bread. – Menda bir-muncha pul bor. Men non sotib ololaman.
Little – (oz, kam) judayam kam, yetarli darajada emasni ifodalaydi. Biz very ni little ni oldidan ishlatishimiz ham mumkin bo’rttirish uchun.
They’ve got (very) little money. They can’t buy any bread. – Ularda (juda) oz miqdorda pul bor. Ular non sotib olisholmaydi.
* Biz a few/few ni sanaladigan otlarning ko’pligida ishlatamiz. (tomatoes – pomidorlar, books – kitoblar, cups – krujkalar).
A few – (bir qancha, bir nechta) ko’p emas lekin yetarli miqdorni ifodalaydi:
There are a few tomatoes. We can make a salad. – Bir nechta pomidorlar bor. Biz salat qila olamiz.
Few – (kam, oz) deyarli yo’q, bo’lsa ham judayam kam miqdorni ifodalaydi. Very - (juda) ni few dan oldin ishlatishimiz ham mumkin few ga urg’u bermoqchi bo’lsak:
There are (very) few people in the cinema. It is almost empty. – kinoteatrda (juda) kam odam bor. U deyarli bo’m bo’sh.
Unit 11
Past simple – o’tgan oddiy zamon
Was/ were – “to be” (bo’lmoq, dir) fe’lining o’tgan shakllaridir.
Fifty years ago they were young. - Ellik yil oldin ular yosh edilar.
Bob was strong. - Bob kuchli edi.
He wasn’t weak. – U nozik emas edi.
Mary was beautiful. – Mary chiroyli edi.
She wasn’t old. – U qari emas edi.
* “to be” ( bo’lmoq, dir) fe’lining o’tgan oddiy zamon shakli was – I – men, he/she/it – u bilan ishlatiladi va “to be” ning were shakli we – biz, you – siz (lar), they – ular bilan ishlatiladi.
So’roq gaplarda was – I, he/she/it larning oldiga qo’yiladi, were esa you, we, they larning oldiga qo’yiladi.
She was ill yesterday. – u kecha kasal edi.