Unit 1 the simple present s + V(e)s + O

Sth+ need+ V_ing/ to be V₃+…. My jacket needs cleaning/to be cleaned.

2. 
   HELP
   

S+ Help + (to) +V …. Everyody helped (to) clean up after holiday.
S + can’t/couldn’t help+ V_ing … She tried to be serious but she couldn’t help laughing .

3. 
   SORRY
   

Sorry + to V …--biror ishdan afsuslanmoq/achinmoq/attang qilmoq /uzr so’ramoq kabi ma’nolarini anglatadi:
I’m sorry to phone you so late , but I need to ask you something.
I was sorry to hear that Nodir lost his job.


Sorry + for/about + V_ing …--birikmasi avval qilgan biror ishi uchun uzr so’ramoq/ hijolat bo’lmoq:
I’m sorry for/about shouting at you yesterday. Or I’m sorry that I shouted at you yesterday.

4. 
   Predloglardan keyin fe’lning gerundiya shakli ishlatiladi:
   

Before going out ,I phone you!
The burglars got into the house by breaking a window and climbing in.
She needs to work without people disturbing her.
Many accidents are caused by people driving too fast.

4. 
   To …/ for … / so that
   

1. 
   Fe’lning To shakli ish-harakatning bajarilish sababini yoki maqsadini ifodalaydi:
   

“Why are you going out? “ “ To post a letter.”
I went to the shop to buy some bread.

2. 
   Sifatlardan keyin asosan fe’lning infinitive “ to” shakli ishlatiladi: adj + to V…
   

kind/stupid/clever/silly/easy/hard/cheap …(etc) + to V
Jim doesn’t speak clearly. a) It’s difficult to understand him.

2. 
   He is difficult to understand .
   

The questions in the exam were very difficult .It was impossible to answer them.

3. 
   Biror ish-harakatning sodir bo’lish tartibi, navbati haqida gapirganimizda the first / the second / the last/ the next/ the only/ kabi so’zlardan foydalanamiz va undan keyin fe’lning infinitive “ to” shakli ishlatiladi:
   

If have more news , you will be the first (person) to know.
The next train to arrive a platform 4 will be the 10.50 to Cardiff.
Everybody was late except me. I was the only one to arrive on time.

NOTE: S + to be+sure/certain/likely/bound + to V…. –biror narsa sodir bo’lishi aniq kabi tarjima qilinadi.

Sojida is a very good student. She is bound to pass the exam.
I’m likely to be late home this evening

4. 
   Compare for … and to…
   

For + noun : What would you like for dinner?
To + Verb: What would you like to eat?