Unit 1 the simple present s + V(e)s + O

Can o’rnida “be able to”shakli ishlatilishi mumkin:

• 
  We are able to see the lake from our bedroom window.
  

Note:”can”modal fe’lining atiga uch shakli –hozirgi ,kelasi va o’tgan zamon shakli bor.Shuning uchun ba’zida uning ekvivolenti <>dan foydalaniladi. Ammo “be able to”shaklini xohlagan zamonda qo’llash mumkin:

I can’t sleep.	I am not able to sleep.
I can come tomorrow.	I shall be able to come tomorrow.
I couldn’t find Alisher yesterday.	I was not able to find Alisher yesterday.
———	I haven’t been able to sleep recently.
———	…..(etc)

4. 
   Shuni esda tutish kerakki,o’tgan zamonda sodir bo’lgan biror vaziyatning uddasidan chiqib ketmoq ma’nosida faqat ikki shakl— “be able to”yoki ”managed to”ishlatiladi:
   

• 
  The fire spread through the building very quickly,but fortunetly everybody was able to escape /managed to escape.
  

Note: Quyidagi holat darak gapda bo’lsa,could shakli ishlatilishi mumkin emas,ammo inkor gaplarda couldn’t ishlatilishi mumkin.

5. 
   Couldn’t –inkor shakli barcha holatlarda ishlatilishi mumkin:
   

• 
  Po’lat played well,but he couldn’t beat Malik.But: Po’lat played well,but Malik managed to beat him.
  
• 
  We looked for Dovud everywhere ,but we couldn’t find him.
  

6. 
   Can’t—biror faktga asoslanib,”bo’lishi mumkin emas “degan ma’noda ishlatiladi:
   

• 
  He has just had lunch. He can’t be hungry.
  

7. 
   Could— o’tgan zamondan tashqari hozirgi zamonda ham ishlatilishi mumkin.Bunda u quyidagi 3 holatda ishlatiladi:
   

1. 
   So’zlovchining gapdagi ish-harakatni aynan nazarda tutmay,uni mubolag’a po’pisa uchun aytganida ishlatiladi:
   

• 
  I am so angry. I could kill him.
  
• 
  I’m so tired. I could sleep for a week.(Shunaqa charchadim.Bir hafta o’xlashim mumkin.)
  

2. 
   Biror narsaga taklif kiritganda ishlatiladi.Bunday holatlarda ba’zida can ham ishlatilishi mumkin:
   

• 
  “What shall we do this evening?” “We could go to the cinema”
  

Compare: can/could

• 
  I can stay with Hilola when I go to Khorezm.(realistic)—Xorazmga borganimda men Hilola bilan turaveraman
  
• 
  Maybe I could stay with Hilola when I go to Khorezm.(suggestion)—Xorazmga borganimda ehtimol Hilola bilan turarman.
  

3. 
   “Could “(ehtimollik) ma’nosini bildirganida, may/might ga sinonim bo’lishi mumkin.Bunday holatlarda can ishlatilishi noto’g’ri hisoblanadi:
   

• 
  The phone is ringing . It could/might/may be Sherzod.
  
• 
  I don’t know what time Lola is coming. She could/may/might come at any time.
  

8.