Using authentic materials to develop listening comprehension in the

Categories N Percentages

1 - Followed instruction		209	10
2 - Answered questions		304	15
3 - Not answered question / not followed instructions		45	2
4 - Nodded / shook head as listening		148	7
5 - Smiled / laughed as listening		88	4
6 - Paid attention as listening to speaker		753	38
7 - Took notes or wrote down answers		103	5
8 - Used dictionary to check meanings		97	5
9 - Asked questions about material		47	2
10 - Repeated words after teacher		17	1
11 - Underlined materials		18	1
12 - Looked somewhere as someone was speaking		97	5
13 - Gave comment or said something		53	3
14 - Helped classmate with words		14	1
15 - Talked to classmate		24	1
	Total	2,017	100

Table H-2 Overall Numbers of Occurrences

	Akiko	Cheng	Choi	Enrique	Kim	Sonya	Yuki	Class	Total
*1	27	31	20	47	14	25	21	24	209
2	10	70	23	79	15	47	49	11	304
3	3	2	5	8	1	3	5	18	45
4	12	26	21	29	3	24	20	13	148
5	9	15	5	28	1	9	13	8	88
6	78	138	70	158	39	120	96	54	753
7	11	14	10	15	9	29	11	4	103
8	19	16	15	11	5	3	21	7	97
9	3	11	3	8	6	7	8	1	47
10	0	1	3	6	1	4	1	1	17
11	3	5	3	0	0	7	0	0	18
12	3	9	12	41	6	10	14	2	97
13	2	10	1	8	4	7	18	3	52
14	1	2	1	1	1	5	3	0	14
15	0	2	2	12	3	3	1	1	24
Total	181	352	194	451	108	303	281	147	2,017

* 1 = Following instructions 2 = Answering questions

3 = Not answering questions / not following instructions 4 = Nodding / shaking head as listening
5 = Smiling / laughing as listening 6 = Paying attention as listening
7 = Taking notes / writing down answers
8 = Using dictionary to check word definition 9 = Asking questions about material
10 = Repeating words after teacher 11 = Underlining material as listening
12 = Looking somewhere as someone speaking
13 = Giving comment or saying something about material 14 = Helping classmate with words
15 = Talking to classmate

Table H-3 Percentages of Occurrence for each Category across Students

	Akiko	Cheng	Choi	Enrique	Kim	Sonya	Yuki	Class	Total
*1	13	15	10	22	7	12	10	11	100%
2	3	23	8	26	5	15	16	4	100%
3	7	4	11	18	2	7	11	40	100%
4	8	18	14	19	2	16	14	9	100%
5	10	17	6	32	1	10	15	9	100%
6	10	18	9	22	5	16	13	7	100%
7	11	14	10	14	9	27	11	4	100%
8	20	16	15	11	5	3	23	7	100%
9	6	24	6	17	13	15	17	2	100%
10	0	6	18	34	6	24	6	6	100%
11	17	28	17	0	0	38	0	0	100%
12	3	9	12	43	6	10	15	2	100%
13	4	19	2	15	8	13	33	6	100%
14	7	14	7	7	7	37	21	0	100%
15	0	8	8	50	13	13	4	4	100%

* 1 = Following instructions 2 = Answering questions

3 = Not answering questions / not following instructions 4 = Nodding / shaking head as listening
5 = Smiling / laughing as listening 6 = Paying attention as listening
7 = Taking notes / writing down answers
8 = Using dictionary to check word definition 9 = Asking questions about material
10 = Repeating words after teacher 11 = Underlining material as listening
12 = Looking somewhere as someone speaking
13 = Giving comment or saying something about material 14 = Helping classmate with words
15 = Talking to classmate

Table H-4 Percentages of Occurrence for each Student across Categories

	Akiko	Cheng	Choi	Enrique	Kim	Sonya	Yuki	Class
*1	14	9	10	10	13	8	7	16
2	6	20	11	18	13	16	18	7
3	2	1	3	2	1	1	2	12
4	7	7	10	6	3	8	7	9
5	5	4	3	6	1	3	5	5
6	42	38	35	36	35	40	35	37
7	6	4	5	3	8	10	4	3
8	10	5	8	2	5	1	7	5
9	2	3	2	2	6	2	3	1
10	0	0	2	1	1	1	0	1
11	2	1	2	0	0	2	0	0
12	2	3	6	9	6	3	5	1
13	1	3	1	2	4	2	6	2
14	1	1	1	0	1	2	1	0
15	0	1	1	3	3	1	0	1
Total	100%	100%	100%	100%	100%	100%	100%	100%

* 1 = Following instructions 2 = Answering questions

3 = Not answering questions / not following instructions 4 = Nodding / shaking head as listening
5 = Smiling / laughing as listening 6 = Paying attention as listening
7 = Taking notes / writing down answers
8 = Using dictionary to check word definition 9 = Asking questions about material
10 = Repeating words after teacher 11 = Underlining material as listening
12 = Looking somewhere as someone speaking
13 = Giving comment or saying something about material 14 = Helping classmate with words
15 = Talking to classmate

1. 
   What percentage of a typical conversation with a native speaker do you understand
   

(less than half, more than half, all of it)?

2. 
   What percentage of a typical listening comprehension exercise in class do you understand
   

(less than half, more than half, all of it)?

3. 
   Are you generally able to guess the meanings of what you hear?
   

On the basis of these questions, give yourself a rating on listening (circle one):

1. 
   Doing just find, about where I should be
   
2. 
   Not too bad, nothing to worry about
   
3. 
   Serious problems
   

Please read each statement and answer in terms of how well the statement describes you. Do not answer how you think you should be, or what other people do. Give a response (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) that tells how true of you the statement is.

1. 
   The statement is very rarely true.
   
2. 
   The statement is true less than half the time.
   
3. 
   The statement is true about half the time.
   
4. 
   The statement is true more than half the time.
   
5. 
   The statement is true almost always.
   

• 
  I think of relationships between what I already know and new things I learn in English.
  
• 
  I create a mental image of what I heard.
  
• 
  I watch English language TV shows spoken in English.
  
• 
  I listen to popular songs on the radio.
  
• 
  I try not to translate word-for-word.
  
• 
  To understand unfamiliar English words, I make guesses.
  
• 
  I try to guess what the other person will say next in English.
  
• 
  I pay attention when someone is speaking English.
  
• 
  If I do not understand something in English, I ask the other person to slow down or say it again.
  
• 
  I try to learn about the culture of English speakers.
  

A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine a significant variation in mean strategy use across the students in this study (total mean = 3.53, total SD = 1.24). The results, presented in Table K-1, indicated no significant difference among the means (F < 1). The significance level was set at p < .05.