Using authentic materials to develop listening comprehension in the

Table K-1 Results of One-way ANOVA for Mean Strategy Use

Source	df	SS	MS	F
Students	6	5.14	.86	<1*
Within	63	96.30	1.53
Total	69	101.44
* p < .05

	Cheng	Yuki	Akiko	Choi	Kim	Enrique	Sonya
Age	24	25	29	26	25	16	38
Gender	female	female	female	female	male	male	female
Home country	China	Japan	Japan	Korea	Korea	Puerto Rico	Brazil
Native language	Chinese	Japanese	Japanese	Korean	Korean	Spanish	Portuguese
Years of English	15	6	7	7	7	12	8
Skills	Grammar	Grammar	Grammar	Grammar	Grammar	Grammar	Grammar
learned	reading	reading	reading	reading	reading	reading	reading
	writing	writing	writing	writing	writing	writing	writing
Listening practice	Language lab in high school and	Rarely	Language lab in high school	Language lab in university	Language lab in university	Limited	Never
	university
Listening	Recorded	N/A	Recorded	Recorded	Recorded	Basically	N/A
materials	conver. & passages		stories by natives of	words and passages by	conver. & passages by	English spoken by
	by natives		English	natives of	natives of	teachers
	of English			English	English
Teachers	Chinese	Japanese	Japanese	Koreans	Koreans	Puerto	Brazilians
	using	using only	using only	using only	using only	Ricans	using only
	Chinese &	Japanese	Japanese	Korean	Korean	using	Portuguese
	some					Spanish &
	English					English

Cheng Yuki Akiko Choi Kim Enrique Sonya

Staying	Taking	Doing	Staying	Attending	Attending	Staying
with	intensive	research	with	grad	undergrad	with family
husband	English	project	husband	program	program

Purpose in U.S.

Months	2	5	1.5	5	6	2	9
in U.S.
Why	Using &	Learning	Improving	Improving	Preparing	Preparing	Improving
taking	improving	English	English	English	for	for	English
class?	English				academic	academic
Listen to	Understand	Usually	Understand	Understand	Understand	Understand	Understand
teacher	very well	understand	mostly	but not	very well	very well	mostly
				clearly
Listen to	Somewhat	Understand	Not	Understand	Understand	Understand	Understand
mini-	understand	about half	understand	a little	about half
lectures			without reading the
			script
Listen to	Understand	Have to	Almost	Have	Somewhat	Somewhat	Have
native	quite well	listen very	unable to	difficulties	understand	understand	difficulties
speakers		carefully to understand	understand		Have difficulties
Natures	Fast speech	Fast speech	Fast speech	Fast speech	Fast speech	Fast speech	Fast speech
of	rate, slang	rate, slang	rate, vocab	rate, vocab,	rate, vocab,	rate, vocab	rate, vocab,
problems				accent	accent, culture		accent
Listening	Better than	Much	Very	Better than	Better than	Better than	Better than
ability at	beginning;	better than	limited	beginning	beginning	beginning	beginning
end of	understand	beginning

program
more

The researcher had experienced some problems and limitations during the data collection process. The researcher made an initial contact with the director of the language institute in order to get permission for an access to collect data in an ESL listening class offered that semester. The director of the language institute approved of the researcher’s request to observe and videotape the class for the entire semester.
Without having a chance to directly contact the teacher who was going to teach the class, the researcher was later informed by the director of a denial, by the teacher, of the researcher’s presence in the classroom, with a reason that it would intrude the teaching and learning process. Nevertheless, the researcher was permitted to observe the High- Intermediate Academic Listening and Vocabulary Development class. The researcher then had to negotiate with the director of the language institute about videotaping the class activities. At this time, the researcher was granted permission to videotape only one class of the entire semester.
Since the researcher had to lose time on the process of getting permission, she was unable to start the class observation until the second week of the seven-week class.
Another week was then spent on getting familiarized by the students in the class and getting a consent form signed by those who were willing to participate in the research study. The researcher finally had only five weeks left for observing the class activities. Also, there was a limitation in the communication process between the researcher and the students. The language barrier played an important part during the interview process in which significant information was drawn upon. Having limited proficiency in the target language, English, and not knowing each other’s native language, the researcher and the students sometimes had difficulty understanding each other.

VITA

Metinee Thanajaro Date and Place of Birth October 23, 1966
Bangkok, THAILAND
Education
Bachelor of Arts Chulalongkorn University
Bangkok, THAILAND 1988, English

Master of Science Radford University

Radford, Virginia
1990, Curriculum and Instruction
Honors and Awards
Phi Kappa Phi Radford Chapter
Phi Kappa Phi Virginia Tech Chapter