Using authentic materials to develop listening comprehension in the

Number of Days
15
10
5

0
Enrique


Cheng

Yuki

Sonya
Students


Choi

Akiko

Kim

Figure 5 Students' class attendance

The percentages of different classroom events obtained from the class observation are presented in Table H-1. The entire number of occurrences added up 2,017 for the total of 15 categories. The findings revealed that the sixth category, students paying attention to the listening texts (n = 753), accounted for the greatest amount (38%) of the total classroom events. It happened nearly eight times than students not paying attention to the speaker or the listening material (5%, n = 97).
The second category, students answering to teacher's questions (n = 304), was another classroom event with a high number of occurrences; this category added up 15% of the total class activities. The other major classroom event was students following teacher's directions (n = 209); this category represented 10% of the entire classroom occurrences. The addition (25%, n = 513) of occurrences that students following teacher's instructions (10%, n = 209) and students answering questions (15%, n = 304) represented 12 times than the event that students not answering questions / not following instructions (2%, n = 45). Additionally, the occurrences that students answering to the teacher's questions (15%, n = 304) happened 7.5 times than students asking questions (2%, n = 47) and 5 times than students giving comment (3%, n = 53) about the listening materials.
Tables H-2, H-3, and H-4 then present the numbers and the percentages of classroom occurrences for each category and each participant in the study.

Table H-1 Overall Result of Class Observation