Uzbekistan state world language university english language and literature department english faculty one
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327. Yuldoshev Bobur..Interrogative Sentences
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Negative questions are formed with not but there is a difference in word order between the short and full form. (Short form) Didn't they inform you? Haven't they returned yet? (auxiliary + n't + subject + verb) (Full form) Did they not inform you? Have they not returned yet? (auxiliary + subject + not + verb) We normally use the short form in everyday speech and the full form only for emphasis. • Negative questions are used to express: a) surprise: Don't you know who Pele is? b) annoyance/sarcasm: Can't you keep quiet for a second? c) expectation of a 'Yes'-answer: Don't you think she's rather mean? d) wish to persuade sb: Won't you tell me who did it? Moreover, we usually use negative yes-no questions to check or confirm something we believe or expect to be the case, or when we consider that something is the best thing to do: Isn’t that Pauline’s car? (I’m pretty sure that this is correct. I’m asking for confirmation.) Shouldn’t we be leaving? (I think that we should leave now.) We can use negative yes-no questions to make invitations, offers and complaints stronger: Won’t you stay for dinner? (invitation; stronger than Will you stay for dinner?) Wouldn’t you like another coffee? (offer; stronger than Would you like another coffee?) Can’t the manager do something about the noise? (complaint; stronger than Can the manager do something about the noise?) Let’s talk about the usage of Question tags in English speech. Question tags are short questions at the end of a statement. They are mainly used when we want to confirm something or when we want to find out if something is true or not. They're leaving soon, aren't they? 23
• A positive statement is followed by a negative question tag, and a negative statement is followed by a positive question tag. She is going to apply for that job,
• Question tags can also be affirmative - affirmative. If the voice goes up, we mean "Tell me more". She's getting married, is she? If the voice goes down, we express negative feelings such as disappointment or disapproval. We don't expect an answer. What a pity, the party's cancelled, is it? • Echo tags are a response to an affirmative or negative sentence. They are used in everyday speech to ask for more information, to show interest, concern, anger,
(surprise) Negative: He isn't leaving. - He isn't, is he? (confirmation) He isn't leaving. - He isn't? (surprise) Now let’s look at the usage of Short answers in English speech. Short answers are used to avoid repetition of the question asked before. Positive short answers are formed with Yes + personal pronoun + auxiliary verb (do, can, will, have, may, etc). "Will she be leaving soon?" "Yes, she will." Negative short answers are formed with No + personal pronoun + negative auxiliary verb. "Did he arrive on time?" "No, he didn't. "
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CHAPTER II .Using Interrogative Sentences in “Treasure Island” by Robert Stevenson 2.1 Robert Stevenson’s life and work “I travel not to go anywhere, but to go. I travel for travel's sake. The great affair is to move.” Robert Louis Stevenson. Short biography of this author. Who Was Robert Louis Stevenson? Novelist Robert Louis Stevenson traveled often, and his global wanderings lent themselves well to his brand of fiction. Stevenson developed a desire to write early in life, having no interest in the family business of lighthouse engineering. He was often abroad, usually for health reasons, and his journeys led to some of his early literary works. Publishing his first volume at the age of 28, Stevenson became a literary celebrity during his life when works such as Treasure Island,
audiences.
Early Life
Robert Louis Balfour Stevenson was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, on November 13, 1850, to Thomas and Margaret Stevenson. Lighthouse design was his father's and his family's profession, and so at the age 17, Stevenson enrolled at Edinburgh University to study engineering, with the goal of following his father in the family business. Lighthouse design never appealed to Stevenson, though, and he began studying law instead. His spirit of adventure truly began to appear at this stage, and during his summer vacations, he traveled to France to be around young artists, both writers and painters. He emerged from law school in 1875 but did not practice, as, by this point, he felt that his calling was to be a writer. 25
The Writer Emerges In 1878, Stevenson saw the publication of his first volume of work, An Inland Voyage; the book provides an account of his trip from Antwerp to northern France, which he made in a canoe via the river Oise. A companion work, Travels with a Donkey in the Cevennes (1879), continues in the introspective vein of Inland Voyage and also focuses on the voice and character of the narrator, beyond simply telling a tale.
Also from this period are the humorous essays of Virginibus Puerisque and Other Papers (1881), which were originally published from 1876 to 1879 in various magazines, and Stevenson's first book of short fiction, New Arabian Nights (1882). The stories marked the United Kingdom's emergence into the realm of the short story, which had previously been dominated by Russians, Americans and the French. These stories also marked the beginning of Stevenson's adventure fiction, which would come to be his calling card.
A turning point in Stevenson's personal life came during this period, when he met the woman who would become his wife, Fanny Osbourne, in September 1876. She was a 36-year-old American who was married (although separated) and had two children. Stevenson and Osbourne began to see each other romantically while she remained in France. In 1878, she divorced her husband, and Stevenson set out to meet her in California (the account of his voyage would later be captured in The Amateur Emigrant). The two married in 1880, and remained together until Stevenson's death in 1894.
After they were married, the Stevensons took a three-week honeymoon at an abandoned silver mine in Napa Valley, California, and it was from this trip that The Silverado Squatters (1883) emerged. Also appearing in the early 1880s were Stevenson's short stories "Thrawn Janet" (1881), "The Treasure of Franchard" (1883) and "Markheim" (1885), the latter two having certain affinities with Treasure Island and Dr. Jekyll and Mr Hyde (both of which would be published by 1886), respectively.
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“Treasure Island”. Main Plot Jim Hawkins is a young boy who lives at his parents’ inn, the Admiral Benbow, near Bristol, England, in the eighteenth century. An old sea captain named Billy Bones dies in the inn after being presented with a black spot, or official pirate verdict of guilt or judgment. Jim is stirred to action by the spot and its mysterious, accurate portent of Billy’s death. Hastily, Jim and his mother unlock Billy’s sea chest, finding a logbook and map inside. Hearing steps outside, they leave with the documents before Billy’s pursuers ransack the inn.
Jim realizes that the contents he has snatched from the sea chest must be valuable, so he takes one of the documents he has found to some local acquaintances, Dr. Livesey and Squire Trelawney. Excited, they recognize it as a map for a huge treasure that the infamous pirate Captain Flint has buried on a distant island. Trelawney immediately starts planning an expedition. Naïve in his negotiations to outfit his ship, the Hispaniola, Trelawney is tricked into hiring one of Flint’s former mates, Long John Silver, and many of Flint’s crew. Only the captain, Smollett, is trustworthy. The ship sets sail for Treasure Island with nothing amiss, until Jim overhears Silver’s plans for mutiny. Jim tells the captain about Silver and the rest of the rebellious crew.
Landing at the island, Captain Smollett devises a plan to get most of the mutineers off the ship, allowing them leisure time on shore. On a whim, Jim sneaks into the pirates’ boat and goes ashore with them. Frightened of the pirates, Jim runs off alone. From a hiding place, he witnesses Silver’s murder of a sailor who refuses to join the mutiny. Jim flees deeper into the heart of the island, where he encounters a half-crazed man named Ben Gunn. Ben had once served in Flint’s crew but was marooned on the island years earlier.
Meanwhile, Smollett and his men have gone ashore and taken shelter in a stockade the pirates have built. Jim returns to the stockade, bringing Ben with him. Silver visits and attempts a negotiation with the captain, but the captain is wary and 27
refuses to speak to him. The pirates attack the stockade the next day, and the captain is wounded. Eager to take action, Jim follows another whim and deserts his mates, sneaking off to hunt for Ben’s handmade boat hidden in the woods.
After finding Ben’s boat, Jim sails out to the anchored ship with the intention of cutting it adrift, thereby depriving the pirates of a means of escape. He cuts the rope, but he realizes his small boat has drifted near the pirates’ camp and fears he will be discovered. By chance, the pirates do not spot Jim, and he floats around the island until he catches sight of the ship drifting wildly. Struggling aboard, he discovers that one of the watchmen, Israel Hands, has killed the other watchman in a drunken fit. Jim takes control of the ship, but Israel turns against him. Jim is wounded but kills Israel.
Jim returns to the stockade but finds it occupied by the pirates. Silver takes Jim hostage, telling the boy that the captain has given the pirates the treasure map, provisions, and the use of the stockade in exchange for their lives. Jim realizes, however, that Silver is having trouble managing his men, who accuse him of treachery. Silver proposes to Jim that they help each other survive by pretending Jim is a hostage. However, the men present Silver with a black spot and inform him that he has been deposed as their commander.
In a desperate attempt to gain control of his crew, Silver shows them the treasure map to appease them. Silver leads Jim and the men to the treasure site, but they are shocked to find it already excavated and the treasure removed. The men are angered and near mutiny again. At that moment Dr. Livesey, Ben Gunn, and the others fire on the pirate band, which scatters throughout the island. Jim and Silver flee, and are guided by the others to Ben’s cave, where Ben has hidden the treasure, which he had discovered months before.
After spending three days carrying the loot to the ship, the men prepare to set sail for home. There is a debate about the fate of the remaining mutineers. Despite the pirates’ submissive pleas, they are left marooned on the island. Silver is allowed to join the voyage, but he sneaks off the ship one night with a portion of
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the treasure and is never heard from again. The voyage home comes to a close. Eventually, Captain Smollet retires from the sea, and Ben becomes a lodge-keeper. Jim swears off treasure-hunting forever and suffers from nightmares about the sea and gold coins.
dinner, the sweets come last.” Robert Louis Stevenson 2.2 Using Interrogative Sentences in “Treasure Island” Interrogative sentences are a very important part of the way we talk to one another. They’re how we ask for input from other people and invite them to share what they think. Interrogative sentences are also the way we get information that we need.
On this story, rhetorical, WH, Yes/NO, tag question types are used. It can be clearly seen in following analysis. 1. ―This is a handy cove,‖ says he at length; ―and a pleasant situated grog-shop. Much company, mate?‖ – in this sentence we can find the rhetorical type of interrogative question A rhetorical question is asked to make a point, and doesn't expect an answer (often the answer is implied or obvious). As such, it isn't a true question. Similarly, requests for things other than information, as with "Would you pass the salt?" are interrogative inform, but aren't true questions 2. What you might call me? – this is WH question type.
Yes/Noquestions and WH- question. WH-questions are questions starting with WH-words including: what, when, where, who, whom, which, whose, why and how.
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3. ―Were you addressing me, sir?‖ says the doctor; and when the ruffian had told him, with another oath, that this was so, ―I have only one thing to say to you, sir,‖ replies the doctor, ―that if you keep on drinking rum, the world will soon be quit of a very dirty scoundrel!‖- ―Is this here table for my mate Bill?‖ – this question sentence is Yes/NO type of interrogative sentence. There are three basic question types and they are all
Now, is my mate Bill in this here house?‖ - this question sentence is Yes/NO type of interrogative sentence. There are three basic question types and they are all
―Which way, sonny? Which way is he gone?‖ – WH type of interrogative sentence was used in the sentence.
main types of questions: Yes/Noquestions and WH- question. WH-
who, whom, which, whose, why and how. ―And who else?‖ do you understand that? ―Now, look here,‖ said the captain; ―you’ve run me down; here I am; well, then,
What is it? – this is WH interrogative question type 5. ―Are you hurt?‖ cried I – this is Yes/No question type There are three basic question types and they are all interrogative
―what shall we do? Where is he wounded?‖ – in this sentences we can see that WH question types of interrogative sentences were used
―are you afraid of blood?‖ – this is Yes/NO question type ―Where’s Black Dog?‖ – there is used WH question type.
Yes/Noquestions and WH- question. WH-questions are questions starting with WH-words including: what, when, where, who, whom, which, whose, why and how.
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8. ―And now you see, mate, I’m pretty low, and deserted by all; and Jim, you’ll bring me one noggin of rum, now, won’t you, matey?‖ – there we can see that tag question was used 9. what to the doctor know of lands like that?— and I lived on rum, I tell you. – WH type question was used in this sentence
And now, matey, did that doctor say how long I was to lie here in this old berth? – YES/NO question type was used there Is that seamanly behaviour, now, I want to know? – Yes/NO type of interrogative sentence was used in this example. There are three basic question types and they are all interrogative sentences: Yes/No question: the answer is "yes or no" 11. ―Black Dog?‖ I asked. - Yes/NO type of interrogative sentence was used in this example ―But what is the black spot, captain?‖ I asked. – WH question type was used in this sentence.
There
are two
main types of questions: Yes/Noquestions and WH- question. WH- questions are questions starting with WH-words including: what, when, where, who, whom, which, whose, why and how.
where or in what part of this country he may now be?‖ – WH type of interrogative sentence was used in this example.
Yes/Noquestions and WH- question. WH-questions are questions starting with WH-words including: what, when, where, who, whom, which, whose, why and how.
Will you give me your hand, my kind young friend, and lead me in?‖ – YES/NO type of interrogative sentence was used in this example 13. ―They got the money, you say? – YES/NO interrogative sentence was used in this sentence Well, then, Hawkins, what in fortune were they after? More money, I suppose?‖ – this is WH interrogative sentence type
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WH- questions (Question Words) There are two main types of questions: Yes/Noquestions and WH- question. WH-questions are questions starting with WH-words including: what, when, where, who, whom, which, whose, why and how.
14. ―Is Dr. Livesey in?‖ I asked. – YES/NO type of interrogative sentence is used in this example
What good wind brings you here?‖ – it is WH interrogative sentence. WH- questions (Question Words) There are two main types of questions: Yes/Noquestions and WH- question. WH-questions are questions starting with WH-words including: what, when, where, who, whom, which, whose, why and how.
16. ―But the point is, had he money?‖ – it is YES/NO question sentence Download 0.59 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: 
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