В настоящее время объектом активного изучения лингводидактики стало

proficiency assessment: is assessment of what someone can 
do/knows in relation to the application of the subject in the real 
world. It represents an external perspective. 
proficiency: learners’ ability to apply the language to the real 
world. 
Project-method: is used to resolve a problem by tapping 
available resources and producing a final product for public 
presentation. 
 
 
 

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R 
 
rating on a checklist: judging a person in relation to a list of 
points deemed to be relevant for a particular level or module. 
reasoning: telling one’s train of thought to an active listener. 
reliability: An indicator of score consistency over time or 
across multiple evaluators. Reliable assessment is one in which the 
same answers receive the same score regardless of who performs the 
scoring or how or where the scoring takes place. The same person is 
likely to get approximately the same score across multiple test 
administrations. 
remedial work: in language teaching, generally all work which 
is aimed at putting right existing mistakes - hence most work after 
earlier stage is arguable remedial. Often, used outside language 
teaching only for work for particularly backward learners. 
retrieval of words: is accessing the words in the long-term 
memory for the purposes of using them. 
role-play: is a communicative activity with role distribution, 
plot development and resolution of the situation. 
rubrics: specific criteria or guidelines used to evaluate student 
work. 
 
S 
 
scaffolding: An instructional technique in which the teacher 
breaks a complex task into smaller tasks, models the desired 
learning strategy or task, provides support as students learn to do the 
task, and then gradually shifts responsibility to the students. In this 
manner, a teacher enables students to accomplish as much of a task 
as possible without adult assistance. 
scale: The range of scores possible for the student to achieve on 
a test or an assessment. Performance assessments typically use a 4- 
to 6-point scale, compared to a scale of 100 or more with traditional 
multiple-choice tests. 
schema (pl. schemata): an underlying structure or general way 
of organizing ideas which provides a basis for the listener’s and 
reader’s expectations of how a text will develop. 

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