Xalq tabobatida ishlatiladigan momordica charantia L dorivor

Chemical composition. The medicinal plant Momordica charantia contains triterpenoids,
saponins, polypeptides, flavonoids, alkaloids and sterols, which are distributed throughout the
plant [2]. The seeds are not edible, they contain extractable oils, mainly conjugated triene cis-9,

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Journal of Chemistry of Goods and
Traditional Medicine
J Chem Good Trad Med, Volume 1, Issue 4, 2022
Traditional Medicine
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Journal of Chemistry of Goods and Traditional Medicine, Vol. 1, Iss. 4
trans-11, trans-13 conjugated isomer of linolenic acid, known as α-elearic acid (α-ESA). α-ESA
is known to have anti-cancer and anti-fat properties [3].
Studies of M. charantia have shown that its pharmaceutical components are phenolic
compounds (such as phenylpropanoids and flavonoids), triterpenes and carotenoids [4]. Several
biologically active compounds of Momordica charantia fruits have been registered in the
literature; they are classified into carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and much more [5].
Cucurbitane-type triterpenoids, such as charantin, have been associated with
antimicrobial activity [6]. Charantin is a mixture of two steroid saponins in a 1:1 ratio (Fig. 1),
stigmasterol glycoside and β-sitosterol glycoside [7]. Although cucurbitane-type triterpenoids
were found in almost the entire plant, charantin was found only in the root, leaves and fruits [8].
Proteins such as α-momorcharin (leaves and seeds) and MAP30 (fruits and seeds) have
also been associated with antimicrobial activity [9]. MAP30 and α-momorcharin (Fig. 1) are
ribosome inactivating proteins (RIP) and have demonstrated antibacterial and antiviral activity
[10].
Figure 1. Amino acid sequence of MAP30 and α-momorharin (FASTA sequence
obtained from the National Center for Biotechnological Information – NCBI) [1].
Recombinant α-momorcharin inhibits the growth of F. solani, causing cell deformation
with irregular bursts, loss of cell wall integrity, rupture of the fungal cell membrane, DNA
fragmentation, in addition to affecting the synthesis of macromolecules and organelle functions
[11]. RK29, an active lectin isolated from ripe fruits and seeds, inhibits reverse transcriptase of
the HIV-1 virus [12]. Cucurbitane triterpenoids (couguacins FS), pentanorcucurbitacins,
octanorcucurbitacin and trinorcucurbitacins exhibit weak activity against HIV-1 in vitro [13].
Triterpene glycosides momordicins I and II have anthelmintic properties. As we said earlier, the
pharmacological properties of the medicinal plant are based on the active chemical components
listed below in Table 1 [14].
Since all green plants have their own structural component, the root to provide the upper
part of the plant with nutrients, the stem for plant growth, leaves for photosynthesis, flowers for
fruit formation, and of course then fruits are formed and seeds are in it for further spreading their
culture. For this, of course, one plant life cycle must take place. All green plants undergo such a
cycle, but not all plants have a useful medicinal property, of course they have a decorative
appearance, nutritious for farms, are used for other purposes, but the important task before us is
that we need to find medicinal plants with useful properties, and to ensure this property we need
to find active chemical components to ensure pharmacological effect. According to the authors,
we have made an overview of the active components of a part of the plant starting from its root.
The roots of Momordica charantia L have a white light, it looks like cucumber roots. Although it
provides a nutritional property, but useful components may be contained, indeed, looking at the
literature, we found those components containing at the roots of the plant with a certain useful

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Journal of Chemistry of Goods and
Traditional Medicine
J Chem Good Trad Med, Volume 1, Issue 4, 2022
Traditional Medicine
Journal of Chemistry of Goods and Traditional Medicine, Vol. 1, Iss. 4
151
property, for example, phenols with antiseptic and disinfection properties, and other components
with other properties are shown in Table 1.
Table 1. Biologically active chemical compounds described at the roots of Momordica
charantia L.