Zamon shakllari

break down
1) buzilib qolmoq The bus broke down so we had to take a taxi. – Avtobus buzilib qoldi, shuning uchun taksi tutishga majbur bo’ldik. 2) o’zini tutib tura olmaslik (xissiyotlarini boshqara olmaslik) When we gave her the bad news, she broke down and cried. – Biz unga yomon xabarni aytganimizda u o’zini tutib tura olmadi va yig’lab yubordi.
break in / break into a building	Kuch bilan, buzib kirmoq Tip: Agar qayerga buzib kirganligi ko’rsatilmagan bo’lsa (1-gap) “break in”, ko’rsatilgan bo’lsa (2-gap) “break into” ishlatiladi. The burglars broke in through the kitchen window. – O’g’rilar oshxona derazasi orqali kirishibdi. The burglars broke into the bank and stole the money. – O’g’rilar bankka buzib kirishibdi va pullarni o’g’irlab ketishibdi.
break into sth	Birdaniga biror narsa qilishni boshlab yubormoq (birdaniga kulib, yig’lab, kuylab yubormoq) He felt so happy that he broke into a song. – U shunchalik xursand bo’lib ketganidan birdaniga kuylab yubordi. His serious face broke into a grin when he read the joke. – Latifani o’qiganida uning jiddiy qiyofasi birdaniga tirjayishga aylandi. She walked quickly, occasionally breaking into a run. – U tez yurdi, ba’zan birdaniga yugurib ham qo’yardi.
break out	1) birdaniga, kutilmaganda boshlanib ketmoq (urush, olov va boshqalar) War broke out in 1914. – Urush 1914-yil (birdaniga) boshlanib ketdi. Lekin: storm (bo’ron) birdaniga boshlandi deganda break so’zining o’zi ishlatiladi. The storm broke. – Kutilmaganda bo’ron boshlandi. 2) (qamoqdan, tutqinlikdan) qochmoq, qochib qutilmoq They broke out of prison and fled the country. – Ular qamoqdan qochishdi va mamlakatdan qochib ketishdi.
break up	(maktab, kollej, universitet) ta’til uchun to’xtamoq (ta’tilga chiqmoq) We broke up for the holidays in June. – Biz iyunda ta’tilga (kanikulga) chiqdik.

14

Unit 2 Past Forms
2 mavzu: O’tgan zamon shakllari


Past simple – o’tgan oddiy zamon

I visited my grandmother yesterday. – Men kecha buvimni ko’rgani bordim.

He sent me a message. – U menga xabar yubordi.
Did you visit your grandmother yesterday? – Sen kecha buvingni ko’rgani bordingmi?

Did he send you a message? – U senga xabar yubordimi?
I did not visit my grandmother yesterday. – Men kecha buvimni ko’rgani bormadim.

He didn’t send me a message. – U menga xabar yubormadi.

! O’tgan oddiy zamonni yasash uchun to’g’ri va noto’g’ri fe’llar haqida tushunchaga ega bo’lish lozim. To’g’ri fe’llarga – ed qo’shimchasi qo’shiladi. Noto’g’ri fe’llarning esa, alohida shakli mavjud. Noto’g’ri fe’llarning jadvali bor. O’sha jadvalning ikkinchi ustunidagi shakl o’tgan zamon yasash uchun foydalaniladi. Shuning uchun ham formulada V₂deyilgan. Masalan, write –wrote – written fe’lidagi ikkinchi shakl wrote o’tgan zamon yasash uchun ishlatiladi.