Zamon shakllari

Time expression – Vaqt ifodalari (payt ravishlari) O’tgan oddiy zamon bilan quyidagi vaqt ifodalari ishlatiladi.
Yesterday – kecha, last night/week/month/year/Monday, etc., - o’tgan kecha/hafta/oy/yil/dushanba va hokazo, two days/weeks/months, etc. ago – ikki kun/hafta/oy va hokazo avval then – o’shanda, when – qachonki/…gan paytda, How long ago…? – qancha payt avval, in 1991/1845, etc. – 1991/1845-yil va hokazo.

Past Continuous – O’tgan davomli zamon

Paul and Tina were having dinner at a restaurant at 8 o’clock yesterday.
Kecha soat 8 da Paul va Tina restoranda kechki ovqatni yeyishayotgandi.
Were Paul and Tina having dinner at a restaurant at 8 o’clock yesterday?
Kecha soat 8 da Paul va Tina restoranda kechki ovqatni yeyishayotganmidi?
Paul and Tina were not (weren’t) having dinner at a restaurant at 8 o’clock yesterday.
Kecha soat 8 da Paul va Tina restoranda kechki ovqatni yeyishmayotgandi.

Qisqa javoblar (Short answers)

Yes,+personal pronoun+was/were.

No,+personal pronoun+wasn’t/weren’t.

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Where the students taking an exam at 10 o’cklock yesterday? Yes, they were./No, they weren’t. – Kecha soat 10 da talabalar imtixon topshirishayotgan edimi? Ha./Yo’q.

Was Anvar going to school when you saw him? Yes, he was./No, he wasn’t. – Sen uni ko’rganingda Anvar maktabga ketayotgan edimi? Ha./Yo’q.

Ishlatilishi


1. O’tgan zamonda aniq bir paytda davom etayotgan ish-harakatlarga nisbatan. Bunda ish-harakatning qachon boshlanib qachon tugaganligini aytmaymiz.

At three o’clock yesterday afternoon they were sitting at an outdoor café. – Kecha soat 3 da ular tashqaridagi kafeda o’tirishgan edi. (ular kafega qachon kelishganligi va qachon u yerdan ketishganligi shart emas, muhimi ular soat 3 da kafeda o’tirishgan edi)

2. O’tgan zamonda boshqa bir harakat sodir bo’lganda davom etayotgan ish-harakatlarga nisbatan. Bunda davom etayotgan ish-harakatni (uzunroq ish-harakat) past continuous, uni bo’lib sodir bo’lgan ish-harakatni (kaltaroq ish-harakat) past simple zamonida ifodalaymiz.


He was walking when he slipped on a banana skin. – U banan po’stlog’iga toyib ketgnida yurib ketayotgan edi.

3. O’tgan zamonda bir vaqtda davom etayotgan ikki yoki undan ortiq ish-harakatlarga nisbatan.

She was steering the boat while he was playing the guitar. – U gitara chalayotgan paytda u qayiqni boshqarayotgan edi.

4. Hikoyalarda asosiy voqealarni aytishdan oldin atmosfera (tabiat, ob-havo), narsalarning joylashishi, manzarani tasvirlashda.

Toddy and Emily were riding through the forest. The sun was shining and the birds were singing. – Toddi va Emili o’rmon oralab otda ketishayotgan edi. Quyosh charaqlab turgandi va qushlar sayrayotgan edi.