Zamon shakllari

Yes,+personal pronoun+had.

No,+personal pronoun+hadn’t.

Had they already gone when you arrived? Yes, they had./No, they hadn’t. – Kelganingizda ular allaqachon ketib bo’lishganmikan? Ha./Yo’q.

Ishlatilishi


1. O’tgan zamonda boshqa bir ish-harakat yoki ma’lum bir paytdan oldin sodir bo’lgan ish-harakatlarga nisbatan.


They had already reserved the table when they went to the restaurant. – Ular restoranga borishganida allaqachon stolni band qilib qo’yishgan edi. (avval stolni band qilishgan, keyin borishgan.)

They had already sat down for dinner by 8 pm. – Ular soat 8 gacha allaqachon kechki ovqatga o’tirib bo’lishgan edi. (aniq bir paytgacha, ya’ni soat 8 gacha o’tirib bo’lishgan.)

2. O’tgan zamonda tugagan va natijasi ham o’sha paytda ko’rinib turgan ish-harakatlarga nisbatan.

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Bill had injured his legs in a car accident, so he had to use a wheelchair for six months. – Bill avtohalokatda oyoqlarini jarohatlab olgan edi, shuning uchun 6 oy davomida nogironlar aravachasidan foydalanishga majbur bo’ldi.

3. Past perfect zamoni present perfect zamonining o’tgan zamondagi muqobili hisoblanadi. Ya’ni, agar bosh gap yoki vaziyat o’tgan zamonda bo’lsa, present perfect zamonida aytilishi kerak bo’lgan gaplar bitta zamon pastga tushadi va past perfect zamonida aytiladi.

a) He had broken his leg, so he couldn’t walk. – U oyog’ini sindirib olgan edi, shuning uchun yura olmadi. (u oyog’ini o’tgan zamonda sindirib olgan va natijasi ham o’sha paytda ko’rinib turgan edi.)

b) He has broken his leg, so he can’t walk. – U oyog’ini sindirib olgan, shuning uchun yurolmaydi. (u oyog’ini o’tgan zamonda sindirib olgan, lekin natijasi hozir ko’rinib turibdi.)

Time expression – Vaqt ifodalari (payt ravishlari) Past perfect zamoni quyidagi payt ravishlari bilan ishlatiladi:

Time expression	Example
before …dan avval/oldin	We arrived before the train had left. – Biz poyezd ketib bo’lishidan oldin yetib keldik.
after …dan keyin	We had a party after the exams had finished. – Imtixonlar tugaganidan keyin bayram qildik.
already allaqachon	I had already finished the job when he came. – U kelganida men allaqachon ishni tugatib bo’lgan edim.
for …dan beri/…dan boshlab	They had been friends for 10 years when he left the country. – U mamlakatni tark etganida ular 10 yildan beri do’st edi.