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I.2. The internal structure of the syllable and phonotactic rules.
Languages may differ from one another both in syllable formation and syllable division. Differences in syllable formation involve differences in the capacity of speech sound to form syllables (to be syllabic) in different positions.
In the process of speech the segmental phonemes are realized and this means that listening the speech we observe the peaks of loudness of some phonemes and the minimal unit of utterance is known as a syllable. It is a speech unit higher than a sound, because sounds are not pronounced separately but are usually formed into syllables, which, in their turn, are joined into words, phrases and sentences.
It is generally known that syllable is always formed by a vowel sound and, in some languages, it may be formed by a consonant sound as well, usually by a sonorant. When one or more consonants are pronounced together with a vowel sound in the same syllable, the vowel forms the crest or peak (centre) of the syllable[24.65]. The consonants preceding or following the crest of the syllable forms its slopes (onsets and codas) and they are called marginal. The tense of articulation increases within the range of prevocalic consonants and then decreases within the range of postvocalic consonants. The fact that vowels in all languages are syllabic is an axiom, it may be considered as a language universal. The central segment of the syllable which is the peak of sonority is called the “nucleus”. If we analyse the structural properties of the syllable we observe that syllables require a nucleus, which is usually a vowel, and optionally onset or coda, which are usually consonants or consonant clusters:
- Onset- initial segment of a syllable, optional
– Nucleus-central segment of a syllable, obligatory
– Coda-closing segment of a syllable, optional
Syllables consisting of two or more speech sounds are not just mechanical groupings of segmental phonemes. These phonemes are organized into syllables through being joined together in them by specific articulatory means while syllables themselves are joined together by specific means in words and word forms and, through the latter, in phrases and sentences.
The syllabic structure of a language like its phonemic structure is patterned which means that sounds of the language can be grouped into syllables according to certain rules (phonotactic rules). Phonotactic possibilities of a language determine the rules of syllable division and the capability of consonant and vowel phonemes to be combined20.145].
The syllabic structure of a language like its phonemic structure is patterned which means that sounds of the language can be grouped into syllables according to certain rules (phonotactic rules). Phonotactic possibilities of a language determine the rules of syllable division and the capability of consonant and vowel phonemes to be combined.
The structural formula for the English syllable can be drawn as:
Pre-initial Initial Post-initial Vowel Pre-final Final Post-final
C C C V C C C (С)