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Abu Nasr FARAbi (873-950)
An encyclopedic scholar named "Aristotle of the East". He created more than 160 works. "Introduction to logic". "Book of proofs", "Notes on philosophy", "Big book about music", "Book about human organs". His works such as "Book about Dictionaries", "Management of the City", "Virtuous Characters" are a great contribution to world culture .
Abu Nasr Farabi, one of the great representatives of this period, is famous for creating the theoretical principles of the emergence and development of human society, the emergence of certain natural needs for the state, the laws of justice and morality in his work "The City of Virtuous People". He - "Cultural society and cultural city (or country) will be such that every person from the population of this country is free in profession, everyone is equal, there is no difference between people, everyone is engaged in the profession that he wants or chooses. People will be truly free. There will be no sultan who interferes with the peace and freedom of the people. Various good habits and pleasures will appear among them ¹¹. In this way, the scientist manages to create the democratic state forms in our imagination today and the political and philosophical essence of governance in it. For example, the classifications of the composition of the city of virtues (meaning the state) and what kind of moral person should be the leader in it are in line with the direct theoretical requirements of building a democratic society today. In this regard, Abu Nasir Farabi said: "The leader or governor of the chiefs elected from among them will not be absolute. They will be the noblest people raised from among people, tested, and worthy of leadership. That's why such leaders set their voters free, protect them from external enemies ¹²," systematizes moral and cultural values related to ensuring democratic principles in state administration. It is noteworthy that Farobi's ideas such as "the governor should not be absolute", "the will of the voters", "freedom" serve as the main idea of democracy, which is considered a unique product of human culture, not only in this period, but also today.
The issues related to the state and its administration also played an important role in Yusuf Khos Hajib's work. In the epic "Kutadgu Bilig", he is notable for his views aimed at determining the actions, rules and political-ethical relations in the society. It classifies the types of organization of public administration and service and their qualities according to these levels. For example, "Pretenders to the kingdom are born from their mother with a strange talent, and they immediately have the ability to distinguish between good and bad. "God will give such people understanding, wisdom and a gentle heart, and will teach them how to do good work ¹³. " Yusuf Khos Hajib also emphasized that in all the works shown in his work, it is necessary to possess qualities such as being experienced, immediately sensing evil, exemplary in wisdom, intelligent, thirsting for enlightenment, relying on the small, fair, and faithful. The great scholar did not limit himself to this, but focused on the importance of the just principles of development of the classification of the qualities of the persons responsible for the development and destiny of the state in the state administration. At the same time, he considered scientific and cultural potential in society as a factor that creates the foundations of a just state. For example, he says about intellectuals: - "A real intellectual will be a pillar of truth." If there were no sages in the world, there would be no sustenance on earth. Their wisdom is a torch that illuminates the path of the people. Treat the wise with sweet words and try to satisfy ¹⁴their material interests. After all, if we consider democracy as a high cultural form of society, then the heritage created by our ancestors can be the foundation of a just state.
His contemporary, the encyclopedist Ibn Sina, is a great representative of natural-scientific and socio-philosophical thoughts of Central Asia, a thinker who made a great contribution to the history of medicine, philosophy, socio-political and moral teachings. His works such as "Ishrat va Tanbihot", "Address of a Message", " Bird's Tongue" are directly devoted to the just and moral principles of state administration.¹⁵