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Abu Ali Ibn Sina (980-1037)
A famous physician-judge who introduced the culture of the peoples of Central Asia to the whole world, a scholar of a number of natural sciences, a great encyclopedist known as Avi ts enna in Evr opada . Among the more than 450 works he wrote: "Medical Laws", "Consultant", "Book of Salvation", "The Structure of Residence", "The Book of Honesty", " About Medical Blindness" 160 гаhave come down to us.
The work "Politics" of the medieval thinker and statesman Nizamulmulk, who left a huge scientific heritage in the creation of fair state management and its perfect theoretical foundations, is an important source. He is important for his views on the selection of officials based on their moral qualities, not interfering with people who trample on justice and fairness in public affairs, conducting the government with a council, regular control of activities, obedience and quality. In particular, Nizamulmulk's opinion - "The event accepted by the majority is the most meritorious and should be done in this way" ¹⁶is a proof that our ancestors paid great attention to the fair procedures of state building.

While thinking about the foundations of national statehood, ancient Turan, Movarounnahr, Turkestan were recognized as one of the holy places where the first states were formed, even by scientists of the ancient world. For example, the Roman historian Pompey Trog, who lived 2000 years ago, wrote about the oldest ancestors of the Turkic-speaking peoples: "The Bactrians, Sogds and Khorezms can easily compete with the Egyptians in terms of the antiquity of their origin." Such an opinion can be found in the information written down ¹⁷by the Greek historians Strabo, Gerodatus , and Ikatii.

Our great grandfather Alisher Navoi's thoughts about the antiquity of the foundations of our Uzbek national statehood in his work "Tarihi Muluki Ajam" are particularly noteworthy. Navoi writes the word state as property. And Ajam means non-Arab in Arabic. So, in ancient history, the Arabs called the state that was first established in the territory of Iran and Turan and ruled for many centuries as Ajam, that is, outside the Arab state.
It is known that with the widespread spread of Islam as a social outlook, attention to the development of its theoretical, philosophical, and legal aspects has also increased. Thus, there was a period of theoretically highly developed science, culture, and Islamic philosophy in Movarounnahr in the I X-X II centuries . Among them, great scholars such as Imam Al-Bukhari, Imam At-Tirmizi, Al-Motrudi, Muhammad Imam-Ghazali, Mahmud al-Zamakhshari, Burhanuddin al-Margilani, Ahmed Yassavi, Najmuddin Kubro, Abdulhaliq Ghijduvani, Bahavuddin Naqshband, Jalaluddin Rumi, etc. made a great contribution to world culture . In religious-scientific studies, ideas such as existence, divine power, human perfection, justice, honesty, religion, and conscience are invited to a free society by purifying the human psyche. In this regard, Jalaluddin Rumi says: "Man is a great miracle and everything is written inside him. But there is darkness and curtains that do not allow reading the inscriptions. Darkness and veils, various occupations are man's arrangements for worldly affairs and the longings of the heart. ¹⁸In fact, in the views of J alaliddin Rumi, the distinction of man is based on his perfection. He addresses the world equally to all people, regardless of race, religion, nationality, caste. "Keep peace with me , let others also enjoy it, so that the community will be united and we will eliminate the differences that exist only in the image. We are all branches of a single tree, servants of a single army." Jalaluddin's talk about the unity of mankind was an unprecedented courage for that time ¹⁹.
In the study of the spiritual foundations of socio-political development, the importance of the flow of mysticism, which arose in Central Asia, is also very important. Although Sufism took root in the bosom of Islam, was nourished by the wisdom of the Qur'an and hadiths, and in many cases relied on the rules of the Sharia, but it expressed the discontent of the working people against the official religious fanaticism and bigotry, as well as the lifestyle of the ruling classes drowning in luxury, robbery and self-interest. This is the reason why this doctrine spread among the people, gave satisfaction to intellectual renewal, and occupied the hearts of intellectuals who are thirsty for truth ²⁰. On the basis of Sufism, a number of religious and political currents based on futuvat, promoting universal ideas such as justice, truth, correctness, compassion, honesty, faith, belief, science, hard work, and patriotism, have emerged. They are opposed to the immoral elements of society as an ideological force. In this regard, Ahmed Yassavi says: "If Sheikh Uldurkim receives niyaz, he should give it to the needy, the stranger, and the poor." If you take it yourself, it will be like sucking a murdor meat. If he wears it as a turban, do not accept Haq Ta'ala's prayer and fasting until he wears it. And if everyone believes in the good sheikh, let him be a disbeliever ²¹. "
In Yassavi's wisdom, the interpretations of the qualities of the leading people in the society, at the same time, are the basis of his work of bitter critical relations. Because during this period, sheikhs directly interfered in politics.
In this regard, the views of Amir Kulol's son Amir Umar ( died in 1406 ) are important in revealing the theoretical and practical nature of politics. It gives the following ratio to politics: "I know that politics is to keep and regulate... bad people should be kept in fear and trembling, and good people should be rewarded. If there is no politics, the important affairs of the state will not be carried out; if there is no order and penal laws, state affairs will not be corrected either, because the ruler and the community see that the development of the state and religion is politics ²². " That is, it is considered that universal human values should be expressed in politics through religion, and such politics should be confirmed in practice through state laws.
The conquest of Central Asia by the Mongols in the 10th 3rd - 10th 4th centuries had a great negative impact on the economic and spiritual life. Oppression and violence will increase in the country, and the working people will be severely oppressed.
A lot of cultural treasures, places of learning, madrassas and libraries will be destroyed, representatives of art and science: scientists, poets and writers, astrologers, architects and painters will be killed, the survivors will flee to North Hindistan , Western Iran and Khurasan provinces to save their lives. ²³. It was in such a difficult period that Amir Temur (1370) came to the political scene and established an independent state, which led to the liberation of the peoples of Central Asia from the Mongol invasion and internal conflicts. The stability established in the country prompted the rapid strengthening of the central state, the elimination of the fragmentation of political forces, and at the same time, the implementation of various reforms, the development of science and culture.
During this period, the services of Amir Temur were great in the development of views on national statehood. Its constitution includes the state system, methods and means of its management, the level of various positions and duties in it, the classification of classes, the organization of military forces, the skills of fighting, the factors of organizing the incentives of civil servants, the introduction of fair types of taxes, measures to beautify the country, national statehood. indicates that it has reached a high cultural and legal level. The essence of such a policy is focused on establishing the foundations of a just state and a humane society.
focuses on the implementation of the country's affairs with council, consultation , advice, vigilance, deliberation, and caution . ²⁴To carry out the affairs of the Sultanate on the basis of the Council means, in fact, the consent and discretion of the elders. It turned out that such an approach directly laid the ground for the development of views on the first manifestations of the distribution of public administration.
The entrepreneur achieves fair implementation of the policy in each case and ensures its consistency on the basis of various means. That is , on the basis of combining the goals aimed at justice with the just means, it enriches the theoretical teachings of the state administration in a practical way, so that the policy that ensures justice in the kingdom is created. For example, it develops not only the quality of public servants , but also how to ensure that such quality people come to government. In this regard, he says: "If you can't keep everything and everyone in their ranks, then your kingdom will be more halal and damaged." So, you should determine the value of everyone, the position they hold and the measure of everything, and act accordingly," ²⁵he says, turning the participation of potential persons in the public service into a practical application. For example: "I would take him under my tutelage and elevate him to the rank of emir if I weighed his intelligence and courage on the test scales and found that he was superior to others." Then I would increase his rank according to his services ²⁶.

Amir Temur own period of services the most the main thing and the most the big one is this his state character as justice ideas based on national statehood of his teachings legal the basics creation and him app reached is that he gave This is how he expresses his political activity: "I also did good to the good people of every country, I drove out the people with bad egos, corrupt and immoral people from my country . I assigned lowly and lowly people the work they deserve, and I did not allow them to exceed their limits. I respected the dignitaries and honored people and raised their ranks. I have opened the door of justice in every country, I have blocked the path of oppression and injustice ²⁷. "