S+have/has+V3 have/has+S+V3? S+Have /has +not+V

THE PRESENT PERFECT


S+HAVE/HAS+V₃ HAVE/HAS+S+V₃? S+HAVE /HAS +NOT+V₃
TENSE

Signal words
Just	hozirgina	Since	dan beri
Yet	hali	For	dan beri
Not yet	hali	Ever since	O`shandan beri
Before	oldin	For a long time	uzoq vaqtdan beri
Up to now	hozirgacha	Ever	qachondir
Until now	hozirgacha	Often	tez-tez
Already	allaqachon	Already	allaqachon
Of late	yaqinda	Lately	yaqinda
Of late	yaqinda	Lately	yaqinda
In recent years	yaqin yillar ichida	Recently	yaqinda
So far	o’shandan beri	Never	hech qachon
Over the last	o’tgan bir necha yillar davomida	For the past	o’tgan bir necha yillar davomida
Past few years	o’tgan bir necha yillar davomida	Last few years	o’tgan bir necha yillar ichida
During the past	o’tgan bir necha kunlar davomida	In the past	o’tgan bir necha yillar ichida
Last few days	o’tgan bir necha kunlar davomida	Last few years	o’tgan bir necha yillar ichida

THE USE
0.Present perfect o’tgan zamonda tugagan ammo hozirgi zamon bilan uzviy bog’liq bo’lgan ish-harakatlarni ifodalaydi.Bunda gaplarimizda ish - harakatning tugagan aniq vaqti ko’rsatib o’tilmaydi.Chunki biz uchun ish-harakatning qachon tugaganligi mutlaqo muhim emas .Biz uchun ish – harakatning natijasi oqibati muhim bo’ladi.Shu sababli ish- harakatning natijasi va oqibati ko’z oldimizda ko’rinib turishi kerak.
1.Present perfect o’tgan zamondagi nomalum vaqt ichida yakuniga yetgan ish-harakatni ifodalaydi.Bunda ish- harakatni qachon yakunlanganligi vaqti berilmaydi.Lekin yakunlangan ish harakatning natijasi oqibati berilgan bo’ladi va ko’z oldimizda present simple da yoki present continuous da ko’rinib turadi.
The students have finished their tests and they are resting.
She has cut her hair she looks different.
2.Ish –harakat tugallangan ammo tugallangan vaqti o’tib ketmagan bo’lsa Present Perfect dan foydalanamiz.Bunda gaplarimizda today ,this week,this month ,this year,this term,this decade kabi signal so’zlar beriladi.
I have seen my friend today.
We have written an essay this week.
Izoh:Agarda yuqoridagi gaplarimizda ish-harakatning bajarilgan aniq vaqti berilgan bo’lsa , gaplarimiz PAST SIMPLE da bo’ladi.
I saw my friend at 10 today.
We wrote an essay on Tuesday this week.
3.Ish- harakat yakuniga yetgan bo’lib ,uning natijasi foizlar yordamida berilgan bo’lsa gapimiz Present Perfect da bo’ladi.
The cost of petrol has increased by to 7 %
The population of the world has increased by 2%
Izoh :Agar yuqoridagi gaplarimizda % tushib qolsa gapimiz Present Continuous ga aylanib ketadi.
The cost of petrol is increasing .
The population of the world is increasing.
4.Ish – harakat hali tugallanmagan bo’lsa ,lekin uning bajarigan qismi haqida ma’lumot berishda Present Perfect dan foydalanamiz .Bu holatda gapimiz 2 qismdan iborat bo’lib ,1chi qismi davomli zamionda bo’ladi.2 chi gapda esa Present perfectda bo’ladi va 2 ish harakat bir-biriga uzviy bog’liq bo’ladi.
I am reading ‘’ o’tkan kunlar’’by Qodiriy ,I have read 100 pages.
5.Tinglovchiga biror voqea yoki hodisa haqida habar berishda yangiliklar yetkaizshda hamisha Presnet Perfect dan foydalanamiz.
Professor Otto has died of concer.
My sister has had a baby.
Oliver has gone.
Izoh.Agar yuqoridagi yangilik ,axborot tafilotlari haqida fikr davom ettirilsa davom ettirilgan fikr hamisha Past simple da bo’ladi.
Professor Otto has died of concer.He died at the age of 60.
My sister has had a baby .She bore a son.
Oliver has gone .He went there with Tom.
6.Hozirgi zamon bilan o’zaro birikib ketgan ish-harakatlarni ifodalashda Present Perfect dan foydalanamiz.Bunday gaplarda ko’pincha oldinda berilgan gap buyruq shaklda bo’ladi, keying gap esa Present Perfect da bo’ladi.
Stop that boy .He has broken the window.
Run after the thief .He has stolen my money.
7.O’tgan zamonda bajarib bo’lingan ammo ,ammo bajarilgan vaqti nomalum bo’lgan ish –harakat ifodalashda Present Perfect ishlatiladi.Bunday gaplarda Before predlogi ishlatiladi.
I have seen this clown before .
We have met this girl before.
Izoh.Agar ish-harakatning bajarilgan vaqti yuqoridagi gapda ko’rsatilsa before predlogi ago ga o’zgaradi va gap Past simple da bo’lib qoladi.
8.Biror-bir insonning umri davomida bajargan amalga oshgan ishlari Present Perfect da bo’ladi.Biz uchun ish-harakatning qachon bajarilgani muhim emas.Aksincha o’sha ish-harakatni necha marotaba bajarilgani muhim bo’ladi.Ish harakatni necha marta bajarilganligini ifodlashda once,twice,two times,three times,several times,many times signal so’zlardan foydalanamiz.
We have watched this film many times.