= 161. 2*362 (075. 8) К211 ббк [81. 2-2 Англ + 81. 2-2 Укр] я 73

Fame is the thirst of youth (G. Byron).
Nothing endures but personal qualities (W. Whitman).
To see is to believe [24; 251-252].
In Ukrainian the subject is most frequently expressed by the nominative case of the noun or personal pronoun. Other parts of speech can be used in the function of the subject only when they are substantivized. The function of the compound subject is performed in Ukrainian usually by the combination of the cardinal numeral with the noun or by the combination of two nouns, joined either by the conjunction or the preposition "з". At this the cardinal numeral is used in the form of the nominative predicate: Ixano двое молодых хлопцгв.
In English the nominative case is pertaining only to personal and some interrogative or relative pronouns. This nominative case is more specialized than the corresponding form of the noun in Ukrainian. It is gradually being eliminated from the compound predicate. Compare: It's me instead of It's I and its meaning is narrowed to the meaning of the subject function.
Subjectless sentences (apart from imperative sentences) are practically not used in the English sentence. The peculiarity of the English language is the existence of the formal subject alongside with the notional one. It is expressed by the word deprived of its lexical meaning and is necessary only to form the sentence from the structural point of view. The notional subject (повнозначний шдмет) always expresses a certain acting person (or object) and is used in personal sentences. The formal subject (формальний або службовий шдмет) does not express any acting person or object. It is always used in impersonal sentences.
In Ukrainian subjectless sentences are widely used. Esp_ec;_aii_v often the subject is missing in negative sentences, e.g.: Тут _Немае стола where the center of the construction becomes the word ц_ел1аР Almost all Ukrainian subjectless sentences correspond to ^цы^ь sentences with the subject. Compare: Кажутъ. They say. Сут_ец;_е п is getting dark.
In English the formal subject it is widely used in English sentences with predicates that have the following meaning:

1. 
   With the simple or compound predicate that рощ. _out towards the nature phenomenon: It was cold. Було холодно.
   
2. 
   With the compound predicate that has modal or evaluating meaning: It was difficult. It was evident. Було важко. Було оче^₁₁л_но
   
3. 
   With the compound predicate pointing out towardsjy ti_me or space: It was nine. It was five miles to the town. Було d_ee'™, годин. До Micma було п 'ять миль.
   
4. 
   with the simple predicate, expressed by the passive ^гщ ₀f the verb, which points towards the fact that the content of the_sp_ntc
   

is some general idea: It is said ... Кажутъ ... [5; 122-125].
In majority of cases the subject in English and Ukj-_aj_n;_an sentences is expressed by similar parts of speech. But the peculj_arj_tj_es of the English language in this respect are the following:

1. 
   The role of the subject can be widely performed by th_{e non}_ verbal part of speech - gerund, e.g.: Smoking is bad for health m Ukrainian there are no such verb forms and in these cases subordinate sentences are widely used;
   
2. 
   The role of the subject can be performed by the get_Un(jj_aj construction, e.g.: John's coming here will spoil everything.
   

To conclude with, if we compare the subject in English with that in Ukrainian we shall find the following difference between them

1. 
   In modern Ukrainian the subject is as a rule character!^ ^_у a distinct morphological feature - the nominative case, whet_{eas m} English it is for the most part (unless it is expressed by a personal pronoun or the pronoun who in the nominative case) indicated b_v t_ne position it occupies in the sentence.
   
2. 
   In modem Ukrainian the subject is much less obligatory as a part of the sentence than in English. One-member sentenc_{es are}
   

242
243

numerous and of various types, among them sentences like Прийду. Пише. In English a finite verb (except the 'imperative mood' forms) does not, as a rule, make a sentence without a subject.
3. In English the subject may be a syntactical word-morpheme, a gerund or a complex, which is naturally, alien to Ukrainian.