= 161. 2*362 (075. 8) К211 ббк [81. 2-2 Англ + 81. 2-2 Укр] я 73

5. The adverbial modifier
According to their meaning adverbial modifiers are subdivided into many types, which are basically similar in English and in Ukrainian. These are adverbial modifiers of: place (мюця), time
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(часу), manner (способу дй'), measure and degree (ступеня й Mipn), reason (причини), purpose (мети), result (наслщку), condition (умови), concession (допусту). Besides in English there is one more type of adverbial modifier - the adverbial modifier of attending circumstances (обставина супровщних умов).
In Ukrainian adverbial modifiers are not attached to any particular position in a sentence, whereas in English adverbial modifiers have their certain position in a sentence. For example, the adverbial modifier of place is most often placed at the end of the sentence, but if there is a necessity to point out towards the connection with the previous sentence it is placed at the beginning of the sentence: Here we began making fire. He made notes in a little book. The adverbial modifier of time is not so tightly connected with the predicate as the adverbial modifier of place that is why it can be easier put at the beginning of the sentence. Nevertheless it also usually stands at the end of the sentence: He came home in the morning. Adverbial words, denoting time as a very general characteristic, for example: never (школы), ever (коли-небудь), always (завжди), often (часто) etc., are put before the simple predicate, and in the analytical form of the verb - inside this form: 1 never laugh at anybody. We have never laughed at him.
Widely used are adverbial modifiers expressed by English gerundial constructions, for example: He passed without speaking to anybody. On his entering the room, the light went out. Their equivalents in Ukrainian are subordinate sentences.
Unlike English in Ukrainian there are widely used adverbial modifiers, expressed by different case forms of a noun without a preposition. The main of them are the following:

1. 
   The instrumental case for the adverbial modifier of place, for example: Дивлюся: так бущм сова летитъ лугами, берегами, та нетрями, та глибокими ярами, та широкими степами та байраками (Т. Шевченко).
   
2. 
   The accusative case for the adverbial modifier of place, for example: 1дуть вони поле, Хдуть i друге. Дунай-море плисти, три р'теньки брести.
   

3) The genitive case for the adverbial modifier of time, for
example: одного вечора, наступного дня, тзньоН ноч1.

4. 
   The instrumental case for the adverbial modifier of time, for example: весною, лтом, вечерами, ночами, ранками.
   
5. 
   The accusative case for the adverbial modifier of time, for example: Чи буде та чорнобривка сей pin молодиця? (Т. Шев­ченко). 1тимутъ всю шч ... (О. Гончар).
   
6. 
   The instrumental case for the adverbial modifier of manner, for example: Idy я тихою ходою (Т. Шевченко). ... Стали nonid нею величезним гомтким табором (О. Гончар).
   

7) The instrumental case for the adverbial modifier of
comparison, for example: Bin сидить, згорнувшисъ бубликом над
апаратом (О. Гончар).
All the mentioned Ukrainian adverbial modifiers have as their equivalents in English prepositional constructions (except the adverbial modifier of time with attributes this, next, last as well as the adverbial modifier of measure of the type We walked miles. It weighs a pound.).
The main peculiarity of the English language as compared with Ukrainian is the availability of complex adverbial modifiers, expressed with the help of predicative constructions. Here belong:

1. 
   The adverbial modifier of attending circumstances, expressed by the participial construction with the preposition with: We saw a thick forest, with the red sun hanging low over it.
   
2. 
   The detached adverbial modifier of reason, time or attending circumstances, expressed with the help of the so called "absolute participial construction": The lesson being over, I decided to speak to the professor [5; 136-138].