= 161. 2*362 (075. 8) К211 ббк [81. 2-2 Англ + 81. 2-2 Укр] я 73

3.2. The indirect object. In Ukrainian the indirect object is used in the form of any indirect case either with the preposition or without it (except the accusative case without the preposition, which serves to express the direct object): Електростанщя буде нам посилати енергт по проводах.
While the direct object depends only on the verb, the indirect object can be dependent also on the noun or the adjective, for example: близъкий нам, кергвник гуртка, найкращий за ecix, глрший над усе. Most often these are nouns or adjectives that have the base common with the verb, besides them these are also adjectives in the comparative and superlative degrees.
In English the indirect object does not differ formally from the direct object: both of them are expressed by the form of the common case (in pronouns - by the objective case). That is why the grammatical means of expressing the indirect object are the position of a word in a sentence as well as the structural completeness of a word-group. First of all, the indirect object is used only in a three-member word-group that is at the obligatory presence of the direct object and it is necessarily positioned before the direct object: / give him a letter. As a rule the indirect object denotes a person to whom some action is addressed or because of whom the action takes place.
The interesting peculiarity of the English language is the fact that here the object with the preposition can serve as an equivalent of the subject of some passive construction, for example: He was laughed at.
Generally speaking, in English prepositional objects are especially widely used. Among them the most characteristic are objects with the prepositions by, to and with. The object with the preposition by denotes not the object of the action, but the doer himself/herself, and is used with the passive predicate (or with the passive participle). The preposition in this case is almost fully grammaticalized and devoid of lexical meaning. This cannot be

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mentioned about the preposition with, which alongside with the instrumental meaning (with a knife - ножем) ca» fr^{ave me} meaning of commonness (with my friend - з мот другом)- "Г"*^{3 ob}J^{ect wim} the preposition to is sometimes equaled to the indirect object. In reality it has a wider meaning than the indirect object and tfrat is why it cannot be always used instead of it. Besides, these tw° ^{kinds of} objects occupy a different position in the sentence.
Objects with prepositions are, as a rule, placed after direct and indirect ones. On the first position in a sentence they can be met only in case, when there is an emphasis (the expressive strengthening of the meaning) connected with it, for example: From her we've never got any letters [5; 133-134].