Genetic typology may be of two types: 1) genetic diachronic; 2) genetic synchronic. - Genetic typology may be of two types: 1) genetic diachronic; 2) genetic synchronic.
- Diachronic approach deals with the comparison of genetically related languages in the course of time or in their development. For example, it can compare the development of morphological categories of the noun in English and in German starting with the ancient period up to nowadays.
- Genetic synchronic typology deals with the comparison of genetically related languages within a certain synchronic period.
- Genetic typology started in the 20th century when the historical-comparative linguistics appeared and developed. We can mention such scholars as brothers Grimm, A.Schleicher, R.Rask, Frans Bopp. They dealt with the reconstruction of languages and discovered laws and regularities for many Indo-European languages.
Areal typology. This branch of linguistic typology deals with geographically limited number of languages. As a branch of linguistic typology it is characterized by: - Areal typology. This branch of linguistic typology deals with geographically limited number of languages. As a branch of linguistic typology it is characterized by:
- 1. Indifference to system closeness.
- 2. Indifference to genetic closeness.
- 3. Identity of etic units: possibility of identity of emic units.
- 4. Possibility of deep surface identity.
- 5. One level approach to comparison.
- 6. The limitation of etalon language by certain linguistic phenomenon, which is common to compared languages.
- To the basic tasks of areal typology we can refer study of dialects, compiling dialectal dictionaries, maps, study degree of certain linguistic phenomenon, borrowings, neologisms, archaisms and so on.
Comparative typology. This branch of linguistic typology is characterized by: - Comparative typology. This branch of linguistic typology is characterized by:
- Indifference to system closeness.
- Indifference to the genetic closeness.
- Areal non-limitation of languages
- Possibility of deep and surface identity
- Indifference to etic-emic identity
- Minimal etalon language
- Cross level approach to comparison
- Content approach to comparison
- Possibility of perfectness of typological operations.
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