Thus comparative typology is one of the independent branches of linguistic typology. It deals with limited number of languages and also defines typological likeness and unlikeness of languages belonging to different genetic groups. - Thus comparative typology is one of the independent branches of linguistic typology. It deals with limited number of languages and also defines typological likeness and unlikeness of languages belonging to different genetic groups.
Structural typology is one of the basic branches of linguistic typology, which deals with systematization and summarizing some general linguistic facts and establishing language universals. Structural typology operates with genetically, structurally and really non-limited languages and it`s characterized by the open list of languages. - Structural typology is one of the basic branches of linguistic typology, which deals with systematization and summarizing some general linguistic facts and establishing language universals. Structural typology operates with genetically, structurally and really non-limited languages and it`s characterized by the open list of languages.
- Structural typology consists of the following branches:
- 1. Linguistic universals
- 2. Etalon Language
- 3. Typologycal classification
- 4. Typological theory
Linguistic universals. Under this term scholars understand certain phenomenon or regularity, which is common to all languages of the word or to their absolute majority. - Linguistic universals. Under this term scholars understand certain phenomenon or regularity, which is common to all languages of the word or to their absolute majority.
- Linguistic universals are known long ago. In the ancient Greek grammars the grammatical system of this language was suggested as a model of categorization for all languages. That's why grammatical categories of case and gender became the main grammatical universal for all languages.
- In the 17th century, French scholars Arnold and Lanslo wrote their Universal or Rational Grammar concerning many Germanic languages. They compared phonetic, grammatical and logical categories, which lay under the structures of different languages. Porr-Royal Grammar is useful, because it was the first work concerning language universals.
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