60-odd years of moscow mathematical
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Moscow olympiad problems
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21.2.8.3. Inside ∠AOB, a point C is taken. From C perpendiculars are dropped: CD to OA and CE to OB. From D and E, perpendiculars are also dropped: DN to OB and EM to OA. Prove that OC ⊥ M N . 21.2.8.4. Prove that 1 1 · 2 2 · 3 3 · · · · · n n < n n(n+1)/2 for n > 1. 21.2.8.5. Let a be the greatest number of nonintersecting discs of diameter 1 whose centers are inside a polygon M , and let b be the least number of discs of radius 1 that entirely cover M . Which is greater, a or b? Grade 9 21.2.9.1. See Problem 21.2.10.1 below. 21.2.9.2. From a point O draw n rays on a plane so that the sum of all angles formed by pairs of rays (their total is 1 2 n(n − 1)) is the greatest possible. 21.2.9.3. A playboard is shaped like a rhombus with an angle of 60 ◦ . Each side of the rhombus is divided into 9 parts. Straight lines parallel to the sides and to the smaller diagonal of the rhombus are drawn through the division points thus splitting the playboard into triangular cells. If a chip stands in a cell, we draw three straight lines through the center of this cell parallel to the sides and to the smaller diagonal of the rhombus. We say that the chip wins all the cells that these three lines intersect. What is the least number of chips needed to win all cells on the chessboard? 21.2.9.4. Let a be the least number of discs of radius 1 which completely cover a polygon M , and let b be the greatest number of nonintersecting discs of radius 1 with centers inside M . Which is greater, a or b? 21.2.9.5. A circuit of several resistors connects clamps A and B. Each resistor has an input and an output clamp. What is the least number of resistors needed and what should the principal circuit design be for the circuit not to be short or open if any 9 resistors between A and B break? (A resistor is broken if it executes a short or open circuit.) 62 MOSCOW MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIADS 1 – 59 Grade 10 21.2.10.1. Solve in positive integers x 2y + (x + 1) 2y = (x + 2) 2y . 21.2.10.2. In a polygon, there are points A and B such that the length of any broken line connecting them and passing inside or along the boundary of the polygon is > 1. Prove that the perimeter of the polygon is > 2. 21.2.10.3. A school curriculum has 2n subjects. All students get only A’s and B’s. We will say for the sake of argument that one student is better than another if (s)he is not worse than the other in all subjects and better in some subjects. Suppose that no two students get the same grades and it is impossible to say which of any two students is better. Prove that the number of students in this school does not exceed ¡ 2n n ¢ . 21.2.10.4. The lengths of a parallelogram’s sides are equal to a and b. Find the ratio of the volumes of bodies obtained by rotating the parallelogram around side a and around side b. 21.2.10.5. We are given n cards with numbers written on them, one number on each side: 0 and 1 on the 1-st, 1 and 2 on the 2-nd, etc., n − 1 and n on the n-th card. One person takes several cards and shows to his/her partner one side of these cards. Indicate all the cases in which the second person can determine the number written on the other side of the last card shown to him. Olympiad 22 (1959) Download 1.08 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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