60-odd years of moscow mathematical
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Moscow olympiad problems
Tour 22.1
Grade 7 22.1.7.1. Let a and b be integers. Let us fill in two columns as follows. Write a and b in the first row. In the second row write a number a 1 equal to a/2 if a is even and (a − 1)/2 if a is odd and b 1 = 2b. In the third row write a number a 2 equal to a 1 /2 if a 1 is even and (a 1 − 1)/2 if a 1 is odd and b 2 = 4b. Continue until you get a 1 in the left column. Prove that the sum of the b i for which a i is odd is equal to ab. 22.1.7.2. Prove that 22 1959 − 1 is divisible by 3. 22.1.7.3*. Is it possible to arrange in a sequence all three-digit numbers that do not end in zeros so that the last digit of each number is equal to the first digit of the number following it? 22.1.7.4. How should a rook move on a chessboard to pass each square once and with the least number of turning points? 22.1.7.5. Given a square of side 1, find the set of points the sum of whose distances to the sides of this square (or their extensions) equals 4. Grade 8 22.1.8.1. Consider two barrels of sufficient capacity. Find if it is possible to pour exactly 1 liter from one barrel into the other using two containers that can hold 2 − √ 2 and √ 2 liters? 22.1.8.2. On a piece of paper, write figures 0 to 9. Observe that if we turn the paper through 180 ◦ the 0’s, 1’s (written as a vertical line segment, not as in the typed texts) and 8’s turn into themselves, the 6’s and 9’s interchange, and the other figures become meaningless. How many 9-digit numbers are there which turn into themselves when a piece of paper on which they are written is turned by 180 ◦ ? 22.1.8.3. Consider a convex quadrangle ABCD. Denote the midpoints of AB and CD by K and M , respectively; denote the intersection point of AM and DK by O and that of BM and CK by P . Prove that the area of quadrangle M OKP is equal to the sum of the areas of 4BP C and 4AOD. 22.1.8.4. See Problem 22.1.7.4. 22.1.8.5. Two circles with centers at O 1 and O 2 do not intersect. Let a 1 and a 2 be the inner tangents and a 3 and a 4 the outer tangents to these circles. Further, let a 5 and a 6 be the tangents to the circle with center at O 1 drawn from O 2 ; let a 7 and a 8 be the tangents to the circle with center at O 2 drawn from O 1 . Denote the intersection point of a 1 with a 2 by O. Prove that it is possible to draw two circles with centers at O so that the first one is tangent to a 3 and a 4 and the second one is tangent to a 5 , a 6 , a 7 , a 8 , and so that the radius of the second circle is half that of the first one. OLYMPIAD 22 (1959) 63 Grade 9 22.1.9.1. Consider 1959 positive numbers a 1 , a 2 , . . . , a 1959 whose sum is equal to 1. Consider all different combinations (subsets) of 1 000 of these numbers. Two combinations are assumed to be identical if they differ only in the order of their elements. For each combination we formed the product of its elements. Prove that the sum of all these products is < 1. 22.1.9.2. See Problem 22.1.8.2. 22.1.9.3*. Given a circle and two points. Construct a circle passing through the given points and intercepting a chord of given length on the given circle. 22.1.9.4. Consider a sheet of graph paper with squares of side 1, let p Download 1.08 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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