60-odd years of moscow mathematical
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Moscow olympiad problems
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that being represented as points on a complex line are the vertices of a convex n-gon. Prove that if 1 z − c 1 + 1 z − c 2 + · · · + 1 z − c n = 0, then the point z is inside this n-gon. 22.2.10.5. Two discs of different diameters are divided into 2n equal sectors each, and each sector is painted white or black so that each disc has n white sectors and n black sectors. If the two discs are fixed by a pin piercing their centers, it turns out that the circle bounding the smaller disc is painted twice: on the inside (as part of the small disc) and on the outside (as part of the large disc). Thus, some parts of the circle are painted different colors, and the other parts are of the same color on both sides. Prove that it is possible to rotate the smaller disc so that the parts painted differently will constitute no less than half of the circle’s length. Olympiad 23 (1960) Tour 23.1 Grade 7 23.1.7.1. Indicate all amounts of roubles that may be changed with the help of both an even and an odd number of bills. Remark. We assume that, as it was in reality in 1960, the bills are of denominations of 1, 3, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 roubles. 23.1.7.2. Three equal circles with centers O 1 , O 2 , O 3 intersect at a given point, let A 1 , A 2 , A 3 be the other intersection points. Prove that 4O 1 O 2 O 3 = 4A 1 A 2 A 3 . 23.1.7.3. 30 undergraduates from 1-st through 5-th year took part in compiling 40 problems for an Olympiad. Any 2 students of the same year brought about the same number of problems. Any two under- graduates of different years suggested distinct number of problems. How many undergraduates suggested one problem each? 23.1.7.4. Two circles with centers O 1 and O 2 intersect at points M and N . Line O 1 M intersects the first circle at A 1 , and the second one at A 2 . Line O 2 M intersects the first circle at B 1 , and the second one at B 2 . Prove that A 1 B 1 , A 2 B 2 , and M N intersect at one point. (See Fig. 39.) 23.1.7.5. Prove that an integer n cannot have more than 2 √ n divisors. Grade 8 23.1.8.1. Prove that a number whose decimal expression contains 300 digits 1, all other digits being zeros, is not a perfect square. 23.1.8.2. In a tournament, each chessplayer got half of his (her) final score in matches with participants who occupied three last places. How many persons participated in the tournament? 23.1.8.3. Draw a straight line through a given vertex A of a convex quadrilateral ABCD so that it divides ABCD into parts of equal area. 23.1.8.4. There are given segments AB, CD and a point O such that no three of the points A, B, C, D, O are on one straight line. The endpoint of a segment is marked if the straight line passing through it and O does not intersect another segment. How many marked endpoints are there? 23.1.8.5*. Prove that there are infinitely many positive integers not representable as p + n 2k for any prime p and positive integers n and k. Grade 9 23.1.9.1. Prove that any proper fraction can be represented as a (finite) sum of the reciprocals of distinct integers. 23.1.9.2. See Problem 23.1.8.5. 23.1.9.3. Given a convex polygon and a point O inside it such that any straight line through O divides the polygon’s area in halves. Prove that the polygon is symmetric with respect to O. 23.1.9.4. iven a circle and a point inside it. Find the locus of fourth vertices of rectangles, two of whose vertices lie on the given circle and a third vertex is the given point. |
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