60-odd years of moscow mathematical
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Moscow olympiad problems
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· CB 0 · BA 0 4R , where R is the radius of hte circumscribed circle of 4ABC. (A. Zaslavsky) 60.1.2. Compute Z π/2 0 ¡ cos 2 (cos x) + sin 2 (sin x) ¢ dx. where R is the radius of hte circumscribed circle of 4ABC. (M. Vyaly) 60.1.3. Consider three functions: f 1 (x) = x + 1 x , f 2 (x) = x 2 , f 3 (x) = (x − 1) 2 . The Rule lets you to add subtract and multiply these functions (in particular, you can square and raise to higher powers, etc.), multiply by an arbitrary number, add an arbitrary number to your result and perform the above described operations with the expressions obtained. Get in this way 1 x . Prove that if one of the functions f 1 , f 2 or f 3 is taken out of the consideration, then it is impossible to get 1 x in the way described. (M. Evdokimov) 60.1.4. Is it possible to divide a regular tetrahedron with edge 1 into regular tetrahedrons and octahe- drons with the lengths of their edges less than 1 100 ? (V. Proizvolov) 60.1.5. Positive numbers a, b and c are such that abc01. Prove that 1 1 + a + b + 1 1 + b + c + 1 1 + c + a ≤ 1. (G. Galperin) 60.1.6. On the plane, consider a finite number of strips with the sum of their widths equal to 100 and a disc of radius 1. Prove that it is possible to translate parallelly each strip so that the totality of translated strips will cover the disc. (M. Smurov) SELECTED PROBLEMS OF MOSCOW MATHEMATICAL CIRCLES 147 Selected problems of Moscow mathematical circles The following are problems we find most interesting among those offered to the participants of mathe- matical clubs, to the winners of the Moscow Olympiads when they were coached to International Olympiads and also some problems from the archives of the Moscow Olympiad jury which were not used in any of the tournaments, and, therefore, are not well known. The grade for which the problem was intended is given in parentheses. 1.(7-9). a) Find the sum of the digits of the number 123456789101112 . . . 999998999999. b) How many digits 7 are there in this number? 2.(8-10). Find the least positive integer ab...c without any zeroes in its decimal notation, such that its sum with itself written in reverse order (i.e. the sum with the number c...ba), is a number whose digits can be obtained by a permutation of the digits of the original number. 3.(9-10). Are there irrational numbers x and y for which x y is a rational number? 4.(8-10). We place 1’s and −1’s at the vertices of a cube, one number per vertex. In the center of each face we put the product of the numbers at the vertices of this face. Can the sum of the 14 numbers obtained be equal to 0? Can it be equal to 7? 5.(8-10). a) There is a finite number of stars in space. The number of and directions to visible stars can be determined from an observation post. No single observation, however, determines the exact number of stars, as some might be hidden behind the others. It is only possible to say, after several observations, that the number of stars in the sky is not less than the greatest of the numbers of stars visible from observation posts. Can the exact number of stars in the sky be still determined after several observations? If so, what is the least number of observation posts needed to ascertain the exact number of stars in space? b) Solve the same problem on a Flatland, the planar Universe. 6.(7-9). Consider n identical cars on a circular highway. The total quantity of fuel in all these cars is enough for one of them to cover the whole circle. Is it possible to find a car that can drive around the entire circle by borrowing fuel from other cars along the way for any arrangement of cars and distribution of fuel among them? 7.(8-10). Find non-negative integer solutions of the equation: Download 1.08 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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