60-odd years of moscow mathematical
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Moscow olympiad problems
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C. The point M on the side AC is such that AM = BP 1 . Prove that ∠AP 1 M +∠AP 2 M +· · ·+∠AP n−1 M = 30 ◦ , if a) n = 3; b) n is an arbitrary positive integer. (V. Proizvolov) 59.10.4. In a corner of an m × n chessboard stands a bishop. Two play in turns; they alternately move the bishop horizontally or vertically any distance; the Rule forbids the bishop to stop on the field over which it had been already moved or at which it had already stoped. The one who is stuck is the looser. Which player can assure victory for him/herself: the one who starts or the other one and now should (s)he move? (B. Begun) 59.10.5. In a country, the houses of the inhabitants being represented by points on the plane, two Laws act: 1) A person can play basketbol only if (s)he is taller the majority of his/her neighbors. 2) A person has the right for free usage of the public transport only if (s)he is shorter the majority of his/her neighbors. According to Law, the person’s neighbors are the inhabitants living in side the circle centered at the person’s house. The humane Law lets each person to chose the radii for each section of the Law. Can not less than 90% of the population play basketbol and not less than 90% have the right for free usage of the public transport? (N. N. Konstantinov) 59.10.6. Prove that for any nth degree polynomial P (x) with natural coefficients there exists a k such that the numbers P (k), P (k + 1), . . . , P (k + 1996) are not prime ones, if a) n = 1; ) ¯ n is an arbitray positive integer. (V. A. Senderov) Grade 11 59.11.1. Positive numbers a, b and c satisfy equation a 2 + b 2 − ab = c 2 . Prove that (a − c)(b − c) ≤ 0. (A. Egorov, V. Bugaenko) 59.11.2. Find a polynomial with integer coefficients whose roots are 5 p 2 + √ 3+ 5 p 2 − √ 3. (B. Kukushkin) 59.11.3. In space, consider 8 parallel planes such that??? the distances between each two neighboring ones are equal. A point is selected on each of the planes. Can the points selected be vertices of a cube? (V. Proizvolov) 59.11.4. Prove that there are infinitely many natural numbers n such that n is representable as the sum of squares of two natuaral numbers, while n − 1 and n + 1 are not. (V. A. Senderov) 59.11.5. Point X outside of nonintersecting circles, ω 1 and ω 2 , is such that the segments of the tangents drawn from X to ω 1 and ω 2 are equal. Prove that the intersection point of the diagonals of the quadrilateral, determined by the tangent points, coinsides with the intersection point of the common inner tangents to ω 1 and ω 2 . (S. Markelov) 59.11.6. A 2 n × n table consists of all possible lines of length n composed from numbers 1 and −1. Part of the numbers was replaced with zeros. Prove that one can choose several lines whose sum (if we consider each line as a number) is zero. (G. Kondakov) OLYMPIAD 60 (1997) 145 Olympiad 60 1 (1997) Grade 8 60.8.1. In certain cells of the chess board stand some figures. It si known that on each horizontal line stands at least one figure and on different horizontals a different number of figures stand. Prove that it is possible to mark 8 figures so that on each horizontal and each vertical stands exactly one marked figure. (V. Proizvolov) 60.8.2. From a volcano observatory to the top of Stromboly volcano one has to take a road and then a passway, each takes 4 hours. There are two craters on the top. The first crater erupts for 1 hour and then is silent for 17 hours, next all over again, it erupts for 1 hour and then is silent for 17 hours, etc. The second crater erupts for 1 hour and then is silent for 9 hours, then it erupts for 1 hour, then is silent for 17 hours, etc. During the eruption of the first crater it is dangerous to take both the passway and the road, during the eruption of the second crater it is dangerous to take the passway only. At noon scout Vanya saw that both the craters simultaneously started to erupt. Will it be ever possible for him to mount the top of the volcano without risking his life? (I. Yashchenko) 60.8.3. Inside of the acute angle ∠XOY points M and N are taken so that ∠XON = ∠Y OM . On the segment OX a point Q is taken so that ∠N QO = ∠M QX; on segment OY a point P is taken so that ∠N P O = ∠M P Y . Prove that the lengths of the broken lines M P N and M QN are equal. (V. Proizvolov) 60.8.4. Prove that there exists a positive non-prime integer such that if any three of its neighboring digits are replaced with any given triple of digits the number remains on-prime. Does there exist a 1997-digit such number? (A. Shapovalov) 60.8.5. In the rhombus ABCD the measure of ∠B = 40 ◦ , E is the midpoint of BC, F is the base of the perpendicular dropped from A on DE. Find the measure of ∠DF C. (M. Volchkevich) 60.8.6. Banker learned that among similarly looking golden coins one is counterfeit (of less weight). Banker asked an expert to determine the coin by means of a balance without weights and demanded that each coin should participate in not more than two weighings (otherwise it will get too worn out and loose its market value). What largest number of coins should Banker have had to ensure the fulfilment of the expert’s task? (A. Shapovalov) Grade 9 60.9.1. In a triangle one side is 3 times shorter than the sum of the other two. Prove that the angle opposite the said side is the smallest of the triangle’s angles. (A. Tolpygo) 60.9.2. On a plate lie 9 different pieces of cheese. Is it always possible to cut one of them into two parts so that the 10 pieces obtained were divisible into two portions of equal mass of 5 pieses each? (V. Dolnikov) 60.9.3. A convex octagon AC 1 BA 1 CB 1 satisfies: AB 1 = AC 1 , BC 1 = BA 1 , CA 1 = CB 1 and ∠A + ∠B + ∠C = ∠A 1 + ∠B 1 + ∠C 1 . Prove that the area of 4ABC is equal to a halv area of the octagon. (V. Proizvolov) 60.9.4. Along a circular railroad n trains circulate in the same direction and at equal distances between them. Stations A, B and C on this railroad (denoted as the trains pass them) form an equilateral triangle. Ira enters station A at the same time as Alex enters station B in order to take the nearest train. It is knows that if they enter the stations at the same moment of time as the driver Roma passes a forest, then Ira takes her train earlier than Alex; otherwise Alex takes the train earlier than or simultaneously with Ira. What Download 1.08 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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