60-odd years of moscow mathematical
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Moscow olympiad problems
f (x − y) + f (x + y) = 2f (x)g(y)
holds for all x and y. Prove that if f is not identically equal to zero, then the values of g are not less than −1 for all y. 72.(9-10). 1 We have a complete graph: n points, every pair of which are connected by a segment. Each segment is painted either red or blue, and from any point one can get to any other point both along blue lines only and along red lines only. Prove that there are four points among these n points such that the complete graph of these four points and the segments connecting them has the same property: one can get from any point to any other one both along blue lines only and along red lines only. 73.(9-10). Polynomial P (x) is non-negative for all real x. Are there two polynomials Q(x) and R(x) such that P (x) = Q(x) 2 + R(x) 2 ? 74.(7-10). Find all integer solutions: x 2 − 2y 2 = 6t 2 − 3z 2 . 75.(10). A plane flew from town Γ 1 to town Γ 2 . During its entire flight it was seen from observation posts A and B hidden somewhere on segment Γ 1 Γ 2 . Prove that a) there was one second during which the plane moved from some point X to a point Y of its trajectory in such a way that ∠XAY = ∠XBY ; b) statement a) is false if at least one of the observation posts is out of segment Γ 1 Γ 2 , no matter how close points A and B are from points Γ 1 and Γ 2 , respectively. Convention. We assume that the plane moves in space at a variable speed; the time of its flight is more than 1 sec; towns T 1 and T 2 , observation posts A and B, and the airplane are all points. 76.(9-10). A swimming pool has the form of a convex quadrilateral with trees growing in its vertices. Each tree casts a circular shadow with its center in respective vertex. It is known that the swimming pool is entirely in the shade. Prove that the shadow of some 3 trees entirely covers the triangle in whose vertices these trees grow. 77.(8-10). A colony of a finite number of bacteria lives on a straight line. Some bacteria may die at moments 1, 2, 3, . . . ; no new bacteria are ever born. Those and only those bacteria die for which there are no bacteria at a distance of 1 on their left and √ 2 on their right. Can such a colony of bacteria live forever? 78.(9-10). Is there a finite set of points on a plane such that for each of the points there are at least 1000 other points of this set the distance between which and this point is exactly equal to 1? 79.(10). A dodecahedron with its vertices painted red is rolled over its edges on a plane, its vertices leaving red point marks. Prove that for any disc of any radius on the plane, it is possible to roll the dodecahedron so that some vertex leaves a red mark inside the disc. 80.(7-8). There are n boxes, some of which have n boxes inside them, some of which again have n boxes inside them, etc. There are altogether k boxes with other boxes inside them. What is the total number of boxes? 81.(8-10). Prove that if x > 1, y > 1, and x y + y x = x x + y y , then x = y. 82.(9-10). Prove that if a, b, c are the lengths of the lateral edges of a triangular pyramid and α, β, γ are the angles between the edges, then the volume of the pyramid is equal to Download 1.08 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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