60-odd years of moscow mathematical
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Moscow olympiad problems
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k = S k+1 = ... for some k. 60.(8). You are allowed to make two operations with ordered n-tuples of 0’s and 1’s: to change the first (left) digit and also to change the digit following the first (from the left) 1. Prove that such operations can turn any set into any other set. 61.(8). There are four equal circles O 1 , O 2 , O 3 , O 4 inside a triangle such that circle O 1 is tangent to two sides of the triangle; circle O 2 is tangent to another pair of sides of the triangle; circle O 2 to the third pair of sides; and circle O 4 is tangent to the first three circles. Prove that the center of O 4 lies on the same straight line as the centers of the circles inscribed in and circumscribed around the triangle. 62.(8-10)*. Two infinite (in both ways) non-selfintersecting broken lines are drawn on an infinite piece of graph paper. The segments of the broken lines are on the lines of the paper, and each broken line passes through all intersections of the grid of the paper. Must the broken lines have common segments? 63.(8-10). Denote the sum of the first n primes by S n . Prove that there is a perfect square between S n and S n+1 . 64.(8-10)**. Consider square and an equilateral triangle are drawn on a plane. Prove that one of the distances between a vertex of the square and a vertex of the triangle is irrational. 65.(9-10)**. A square town is divided into n 2 square blocks. The streets inside the town are two-way ones and the street skirting the town is a one-way one. A cyclist moves in the town in accordance with the following traffic rules: (s)he moves only along the right side of any street and does not turn left at intersections; on the one-way street that surrounds the town, (s)he moves so that all houses are on his/her right. For what n can the cyclist ride through the whole town passing once each side of each street (and once the only side of the one-way street around the town)? Try to find the greatest possible set of such values of n. 66.(8). For an inscribed octagon A 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 A 6 A 7 A 8 we have A 1 A 2 k A 5 A 6 , A 2 A 3 k A 6 A 7 , and A 3 A 4 k A 7 A 8 . Prove that A 4 A 5 = A 1 A 8 . 67.(8-9). A square with side n is divided into n 2 square cells with sides 1. Can n 2 different numbers be written in the cells so that in any square whose sides coincide with the sides of the given n × n square or with the lines that divide it, the product of the numbers along one longest diagonal is equal to the product of the numbers along the other longest diagonal? 68.(8-10). A road is straight but not flat. Is it possible for three people to walk from points whose distances from the beginning of the road are 0, 1 and 2, respectively, to points whose distances from the SELECTED PROBLEMS OF MOSCOW MATHEMATICAL CIRCLES 151 beginning of the road are 1000, 1001, and 1002, respectively, without passing one another and so that the last person sees the first one all the time and does not see the second person for a single moment? The heights of the people do not matter, i.e., a short one can see through a tall one. 69.(8). Denote the sum of the digits of a number N by S(N ). Prove that there is an infinite number of N ’s that have no zeroes in their decimal expression and such that a) N is divisible by S(N ) or b) N is divisible by S(N ) + 1. 70.(8-10). Prove that it is possible to construct a convex equiangular 1980-gon from segments of lengths 1, 2, 3, . . . , 1980. Is the same true for a 1981-gon? 71.(9-10). Functions f and g defined on the real line are such that the equality Download 1.08 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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