60-odd years of moscow mathematical
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Moscow olympiad problems
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P n=1 a n cos nx ≥ −1 for any x, then a 1 + . . . + a k ≤ k. 46.(9-10). Two people play a game in which one thinks a five-digit number consisting of 0’s and 1’s, and the other must guess it. Guesser names a five-digit number consisting of 0’s and 1’s, and Thinker tells Guesser at how many places the digits of this number coincide with the corresponding digits of the one Thinker has in mind. Is it possible to guess the number in 3 guesses? 47.(9-10). A closed broken line is situated on the surface of a cube with edge 1. On each face of the cube there is at least one segment of the line. Prove that the length of the broken line is not less than 3 √ 2 . 48.(9-10). Prove that for any integer n ≥ 2 we have n ¡ n √ n + 1 − 1 ¢ ≤ 1 + 1 2 + . . . + 1 n ≤ 1 + n µ 1 − 1 n √ n ¶ . 49.(7-10). On a white plane there sit a man and a black cat. The man is superstitious and does not want to cross the cat’s path; the cat, full of spite, wants to move along a closed non-selfintersecting path so as to avoid the man and not give him a possibility to avoid the cat’s path. Is it possible for the cat to circumvent the man within a finite length of time if its top speed is λ > 1 times that of the man? (The cat and the man may not be at the same point simultaneously.) 50.(8-10). There are 650 distinct points inside a disc of radius 16. Prove that there is an annulus with inner radius 2 and outer radius 3 on which lie at least 10 of the given points. 51.(8-10). Is there a positive integer n for which any rational number between 0 and 1 can be expressed in the form of the sum of n reciprocals of positive integers? 52.(8-10). A regular 2n-gon is inscribed in a regular 2k-gon, i.e., each vertex of the 2n-gon lies on the boundary of the 2k-gon. Prove that 2k is divisible by n. 150 PROBLEMS 53.(9-10). A cube contains a convex polyhedron M whose projection to each face of the cube covers the entire face. Prove that the volume of the polyhedron M is not less than one third of the volume of the cube. 54.(9-10). A city of the form of a square with side 10 km is divided into n 2 identical square blocks. The blocks are numbered from 1 to n 2 so that two blocks with consecutive numbers have a common side. Prove that a cyclist can find any block (s)he needs by riding not more than 100 km. 55.(8-10). In convex pentagon P 1 we drew all the diagonals. As a result P 1 split into 10 triangles and one pentagon, P 2 . Let S be the difference between the sum of the areas of the triangles adjacent to the sides of P 1 and the area of P 2 . Let us perform the above operation (draw diagonals, etc.) with the inner pentagon P 2 ; let P 3 be its inner pentagon. Let s be the difference between the sum of the areas of the triangles adjacent to the sides of P 2 and the area of P 3 . Prove that S > s. 56.(8). Find the greatest number of vertices of a non-convex non-selfintersecting n-gon from which no inner diagonal can be drawn. 57.(8). At every integer point of the numerical line a positive integer is written. Between every two neighboring numbers we write their arithmetic mean and then erase the original numbers. We repeat this operation many times. It turns out that all numbers obtained after each step are positive integers. Is this sufficient to conclude that after some step all numbers will be equal? 58.(9-10). A 3 × 3 × 3 cube is constructed of 27 cubic blocks with side 1. Each block is either white or black. Every hour a painter comes and white-washes all blocks with an even number of black neighbors, and paints black all the other blocks. Prove that eventually all blocks will be painted white. 59.(9-10). In space, there are n distinct points of equal mass. Consider sphere S 1 of radius 1 and with center at one of the given points. Let S 2 be the sphere of radius 1 (perhaps identical to S 1 ) with center at the center of mass of all the given points that are inside of S 1 . Let S 3 be the sphere of radius 1 (perhaps identical to S 2 ) with center at the center of mass of all the given points that are inside S 2 , etc. Prove that Download 1.08 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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