Accounting for Managers
Management Cost Accounting
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Accounting for Managers
Management Cost Accounting
111 should vary with production. As a predictor, this approach shows what costs should be rather than what they were. The engineering approach is often used when making a decision on whether to start producing an item or to upgrade or otherwise alter an item. In the case of a new product, this estimate is then adjusted as operational data comes available. A useful feature that is sometimes combined with the engi- neering approach and sometimes stands alone is a simple inter- view. Asking workers directly involved in production helps identify cost drivers and find out what’s likely to happen, given specific action paths. Interviewing workers not only clarifies the engineer- ing approach, but also has residual managerial benefits: it gives people who have firsthand experience input into the analysis. For the scatter graph method, you gather cost and volume data from prior periods and chart the data points on an X-Y grid. Then, you draw a straight line from the origin to the far- thest data point. The placement and slope of the line are judg- ment calls: you eyeball the data and fit the line visually as close to the data points as possible. Then, for any cost/volume con- sideration, you start from the corresponding X-Y axis, go out to the line, and then go straight over to the other axis to find the result. The scatter approach works reasonably well if you have a large number of data points. Then, there’s regression analysis. This is a more rigorous, statistical way to tease out the fixed and variable parts of a mixed cost. Like other methods, regression uses cost and vol- ume data from prior periods. Regression, in many respects, is the mathematical solution to the scatter graph’s guessed rela- tionships. The equation takes the form Y = a + bX. For our immediate purposes, the observed dependent variable, Y, is the given semivariable cost, while a equals fixed costs, b equals variable costs, and X is the independent variable. There are two reasons for all the fuss to clarify exactly which costs are fixed and which costs are variable. The first reason is to be able to find breakeven and, from there, do further analysis on the cost/volume/profit relationships to guide our manage- Webster06.qxd 8/29/2003 5:48 PM Page 111 |
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