Accounting for Managers
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Accounting for Managers
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- Development of Management Accounting: Beginnings
Accounting for Managers
148 tools and concepts now come from business school research or private consultants. Lessons from enterprise-level software packages serving Fortune 500 companies are being scaled for small and mid-sized business. At the same time, the manage- ment/cost accounting concept has grown to embrace a much wider scope than Andrew Carnegie’s fierce concentration on direct labor and materials cost. While the importance of accu- rate ledger entries for costs will continue indefinitely, how man- agers examine and interpret those costs is changing at some basic levels. With change comes a certain amount of turmoil. Some solu- tions take an umbrella approach and cover everything. Others focus on deficiencies or improvements to current practices. Caution and a clear understanding of requirements are neces- sary when looking at implementing a new management accounting system. Software companies have provided new packages with attractive capabilities but long and hard imple- mentation cycles. Sometimes companies have just failed, Development of Management Accounting: Beginnings Management accounting got a big push in the later 19th century with Andrew Carnegie, who was a demon for knowing and controlling his steel plants’ direct costs in labor and materials. Other businesses noted his success and copied him. In addition, the managers directly responsible for production largely developed the cost- accounting metrics.They were principally engineers, not accountants, and took a solutions-based approach. Once accountants got involved, such useful concepts as depreciation and cost of capital crept into decision analysis. Early in the 20th century, the development of the ROI models such as the Dupont model, discussed earlier, led to a greater emphasis on financial performance. Armies of clerks carried the country through the production boom of the war years and following.The traditional job and process costing systems went through incremental refine- ments. But the financial model started to show its limitations in the 1980s. (To be continued ....) Webster08.qxd 8/29/2003 5:52 PM Page 148 unable to sustain growth. They have left many an orphaned company limping along with hard-to-transfer data. Some of the “B” school tools have a “flavor of the month” quality. They flare, fade, and are forgotten. Real-world considerations of internal support and technology capabilities coupled with a clear ROI path should determine which system you chose. As the technol- ogy matures, the more stable and useful approaches will emerge. We are going to look at six management/cost accounting systems that either are getting some traction or have special capabilities of management interest: • balanced scorecard • just-in-time inventory Download 3.03 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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