Accounting for Managers
144
year’s budget is often broken down into quarterly or monthly
segments. This practice makes it possible for management to
monitor progress during the year and take corrective action if
there are any variances or problems in meeting goals. For an
even finer screen of results, managers add a flexible budget
capability.
Flexible budgeting is a way to adjust the variance back to
standard. Actual prices and actual production rarely match the
standard. Flexible budgeting shows what the revenues and
expenses that should have been at the actual activity level.
Once the standard prices are set, a flexible budget can adjust
for any actual output.
Manager’s Checklist for Chapter 7
❏
In any cost accounting system, determining overhead is
the major effort.
❏
Overhead is the first place to look for cost savings. There
will be savings elsewhere, but overhead has the greatest
potential—and the most organizational resistance.
❏
Job costing systems fit production runs of products that
are heterogeneous, produced in batches, at a high cost per
unit, using sequential individualized steps requiring higher
labor skills.
❏
Process costing fits production of products that are homo-
geneous, mass-produced, at a low cost per unit, in one
highly automated, continuous production run.
❏
Both job and process costing techniques can apply to
services and to nonprofit and government organizations.
❏
Do not include non-factory overhead costs in factory over-
head.
❏
Activity-based costing (ABC) can be a challenge to imple-
ment properly.
❏
ABC results in better understanding and control of costs.
Dramatic results are possible.
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