Accounting for Managers
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Accounting for Managers
The Four Constraints
• materiality • cost/benefit • prudence • industry peculiarities The materiality constraint is often misunderstood. It does not apply while recording cash transactions. Even small amounts must be recorded. As a general rule, every cash trans- action has to be recorded in the general journal. If you want to alienate the Accounting Department, ask them to track down a $3.13 difference in the balance sheet. The trick, of course, is to discriminate between the trivial and the significant. What is the relative importance of the question? A $1,000 difference may not be worth the cost to correct to a company grossing $100M. To a company grossing $100K, it’s worth finding out the problem. Materiality does not hold when errors of principle are found that need correction. Let’s say you learn that a capital item has been erroneously expensed or a different method of deprecia- tion has been applied to a particular asset. The error should be corrected immediately. The concept of materiality cannot be a defense for not correcting errors. Materiality just means that any of the aforementioned princi- ples can be disregarded if there’s no discernible effect on the people who will use the financial information. Note that I’m not suggesting that fraud or carelessness in handling money is acceptable. The cost/benefit constraint kicks in when the company tries to correct the $1,000 error mentioned above. What did it cost Captain Queeg to find out what happened to the strawberry pre- serves? How hard should the Defense Department look for a missing $100M? You decide whether it’s worth it. Accountants and managers make many estimates. How much to reserve for warranty repairs? How much to set aside for uncollectible accounts? How long will a machine be in pro- Download 3.03 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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