Actual problems of modern science, education and training

Analysis and results. The study of the origin and development of public-private partnerships is important in understanding the nature of partnerships, which are a specific type of public-private partnership. Although the concept of public-private partnership has only recently entered social life, the roots of this relationship go back a very long time. At that time, still public-private partnership relations developed and
formed from its simplest form to the present day, and took on an increasingly complex appearance.
To our mind, depending on the level of development, the evolution of public- private partnerships can be divided into the following periods (Figure 1).
Ancient period (early view of partnership). The appearance of the partnership in this period was very simple, the action of the private party was directly dependent on the kings. The earliest prototypes of public-private partnerships are claimed to have spread directly to ancient Greece and Rome. As an example of the primitive manifestations of the use of private aid for the benefit of society, in the fourth century AD the inhabitants of Athens contributed to the celebration of social holidays, religious ceremonies and the construction of social monuments and buildings. Centuries later, the Roman army used civilian support to occupy much of Europe and seize its riches[7].
At the same time, agreements between the Roman Empire and the private sector in those days led to a 5-year agreement to manage postal networks, as well as the maintenance of highways. However, such an order disappeared with the collapse of the Roman Empire, and in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries the reclamation of lands in the south-western region of France began to manifest itself again in the construction of new fortified cities. In addition, in a concession agreement that at that time had a monopoly in the company (mill, press, bakery, bridge, etc.), the concessionaire spent a certain portion of his income for the society[8].
According to Dr. Emmanuel Avuah, the genesis of public-private partnerships goes back to the Ancient Bible. According to him, Pharaoh I at that time forcibly involved his subordinates in this work to build the infrastructure in the society. Their contribution is not only in the form of precious minerals such as gold, silver, diamonds, but also human resources (architects, masons, supervisors). At that time, people wanted to build the world’s tallest tower and collaborated on the project to pool resources[9]. The Middle Ages (Formation Period). In the Middle Ages, the need for infrastructure increased as a result of the development of commodity-money relations and population growth. In the 16th and 18th centuries, European countries dug canals,
repaired roads, and collected waste in partnership with the private sector.
In Italy, the first concession agreement for the transfer of natural resources to the private sector in the area of 1400 Miano de Medisano was implemented. The deal was carried out for the purpose of oil extraction, which included certain procedures[10].
The first form of public-private partnership in France was given in 1438 by the government to a citizen named Louise de Bernam in the form of a concession by the government to collect payments for goods transported across the Rhine. In France, public-private partnerships continued to take shape. In 1554, it was given to King de Henry II by King Henry II to dig canals and exploit objects in the valley[11]. In 1792, the most successful of the French concession projects was the distribution of mineral water from a source purchased by the Perier brothers under the Perier brand. The construction of the Suez Canal was also reportedly given to a private entrepreneur as a 99-year-old project, but in 1956 the project was forced to be nationalized by the Egyptian government[12].