Алишер навоий номидаги тошкент давлат ўзбек тили ва адабиёти университети ҳузуридаги илмий даражалар берувчи dsc
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Ё.Саидов. Автореферат
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- «Linguopoetic qualities of Jadid
(moaning), instead of ordinary lexemes, he created beautiful literary scene. These
two synonyms were used to make a rhyme as well as to give the poem effect, and to make it more harmonious. This literary passage describes how certain people laugh and dance while others cry and moan. Obviously, these are two opposite situations. The poet was able to create a bright, beautiful and memorable literary scene using the art of «tazod». The synonyms used in Jadid poems have the following genetic types: 1. Turkish (Uzbek) synonym words: чарчамоқ-толмоқ, (get tired) узоқлашмоқ-йироқлашмоқ (get far)‚ югурмоқ-чопмоқ (run), кетмоқ-бормоқ (go away). 2. Arabic synonym words: одам-инсон (a person)‚ шифо-даво (a cure)‚ ишқ-муҳаббат (love), боб-фасл (chapter). 3. Persian-Tajik synonyms: осмон-гардун (sky), фарёд-фиғон-нола (wail). 4. Turkish and Persian-Tajik synonym words: ел-шамол (wind), ўт-олов (fire)‚ чечак-гул (flower), кўнгил-дил (heart). 5. Turkish and Arabic synonym words: тўпалон-исён (rebellion), эзилган- мазлум (oppressed), эл-халқ (nation), киши-инсон (people). 6. Arabic and Persian-Tajik lexical unit synonyms: вужуд-тана (body)‚ фақир-гадо (beggar), хат-нома (letter)‚ касал-бемоp (patient). Synonyms used in Jadid poetry is classified into two according to the expression of meaning and speech peculiarities. They are: ideographic synonyms (according to the meaning) and speech synonyms (according to speech peculiarities). 3.3. Antonyms. In Uzbek linguistics the problem of antonymy was studied in 50s of the past century. The research was started by S. Mutalibov with his article «Антоним сўзлар» (Antonym words). S.Usmonov and A. Ishaev’s articles followed it. R.Shukurov and B.Isabekov studied this issue in a monographic form. 40 It is obvious that there are two dimensions defining antonyms. The first dimension takes into consideration the lexical meaning of a word. The words having opposite semantic meaning are defined as antonyms. According to the second dimension, two antonyms must have the notion of distance from each other. In linguistics this distance notion is named «logical centre». The word which is in a «logical centre» denotes neutral condition. 41 In lexica-semantic content of Jadid literary works, the words with opposite meaning form a certain group. They are analysed as original and contextual antonyms. It is obvious that in classical literature the lovers’ relationships are expressed mainly by the words shoh (king) and gado (poor).We can see it in Kami’s poems as well. For example, 40 Муталлибов С. Антоним сўзлар // Совет мактаби. 1955. – №4. – Б. 28-30; Усмонов С. Антонимлар // Ўзбек тили ва адабиёти масалалари. 1958. – №2. – Б. 33-40; Ишаев А. Шаклдош антонимларга доир этюдлар // Ўзбек тили ва адабиёти. 1967. – №1. – Б. 16-17; Шукуров Р. Ўзбек тили антонимларининг лексик-семантик табиати: Филол. фан. номз. …дисс. автореф. – Т.: 1973; Исабеков Б. Ҳозирги ўзбек тилида лексик антонимия: Филол. фан. номз. …дисс. автореф. – Т.: 1973. 41 Раҳматуллаевв Ш., Маматов Н., Шукуров Р. Ўзбек тили антонимларининг изоҳли луғати. -Т.: Ўқитувчи, 1980. –Б. 9. 54 Марҳамат, шоҳим, санинг лутфингдин истар бу гадо, Ким, назр тобса Сулаймондин, ажаб йўқ, мўрлар. In this couplet the poet brightly describes the relationship of two beloved people using the words shoh and gado. The words with opposite meaning were a main mean for expressing author’s thoughts. They served to express lyric character’s inner feelings and thoughts, inner opposition of the situation impressively and effectively. The poet comprehended fully the meaning of antonyms, their functions and their aesthetic effect. By using them, he created charming samples of the art «tazod». Karimbek Kami was one of the poets who used contextual antonyms skilfully. Here is another example of his work: Яхшисан - сен, мен - ямон, сен шоҳдурсан, мен – гадо‚ Тозаву покиза гулдерсен, мен мисоли хормен. This couplet contains the antonyms яхши-ёмон (good-bad), шоҳ-гадо (king- poor) and гул-хор (flower-thorn). Obviously, Persian word гул is used in indirect meaning as «beautiful» (ЎТИЛ,I,195-б.). But Persian word хор is out of use. In this couplet, it is used as «thorn». It conveys the meaning of «to look ugly, bad». The author uses these lexemes to oppose them to each other as flower-beauty and thorn-ugliness. (ЎТИЛ,II,172-б.) He compares the beloved girl to a flower but the beloved man to a thorn. The antonyms used in Jadid poems have the following genetic types: 1.Turkish (Uzbek) antonym words: яхши-ёмон (good-bad), кенг- тор (wide-narrow), оқ-қора (white-black), кун-тун (day-night), қиш-ёз (winter- summer); 2. Persian antonym words: дўст-душман (friend-enemy), бегона-ошно (stranger-friend), паст-баланд (low-high), дашт-гулистон (steppe-garden), шоҳ-гадо (king-poor), хушрўй-хунук (beautiful-ugly), пок-нопок (pure-impure), камоб-сероб (little-much); 3. Arabic antonyms: зоҳиран-ботинан (real-unreal), аввал-охир (past-now), маданият-бадавият, машаққат-роҳат (difficulty- enjoyment), маълум-мавҳум (known-unknown), заҳмат-роҳат, вафо-жафо, роҳат-ғам; 4. Persian-Arabic antonym words: шод-ғам (happy-unhappy), гадо- султон (poor-king), дард-даво (illness-cure); 5. Arabic and Turkish antonym words: амир-қул, султон-қул (king-slave); 6. Persian-Turkish antonym words: подшоҳ-қул (king-poor), камбағал-бой (poor-rich). The number of Arabic-Turkish and Persian-Turkish words is few. Original antonyms ёлғон-рост‚ ёруғ-қоронғу, эски-янги, камбағал-бой, осон- мушкул, роҳат-азоб, тўй-аза, маълум-мавҳум, машаққат-роҳат, вафо-жафо had an important place to express the thought clearly, effectively and literarily. The word with opposite meaning, mainly are adjectives [яхши-ёмон (good-bad), иссиқ-совуқ (hot-cold)]; nouns [шоҳ-гадо (king-poor), ёз-қиш (summer-winter)]; adverb [аста-тез (slow-fast), узоқ-яқин (far-near)] and verbs [бор-кел (go- come), кўтар-тушир (rise-drop)]. In comparison with others, adjective and noun were mostly used as antonyms. The fourth part of the work is named «Linguopoetic qualities of Jadid Download 0.73 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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