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84. The correct answer is (A). By the time Columbus “discovered” the New World, it was already
inhabited by 15 million to 20 million people. It is now believed that the first inhabitants of North
America came from Siberia and crossed over a land bridge at the site of what is now the Bering Strait.
85. The correct answer is (A). In a news conference in 1954, President Dwight D. Eisenhower, in
addressing the French request for American aid for its military efforts in Vietnam, stated that South-
east Asia was like a row of dominoes and that if one were knocked over the entire row would
follow. The “domino theory” was a frequently used justification for the U.S. military presence in
Vietnam.

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World History Subject Test
187
ARCO
■ SAT II Subject Tests
w w w . p e t e r s o n s . c o m / a r c o
86. The correct answer is (E). Although labels are sometimes inaccurate, it is useful to think of the
political spectrum in this way:
LEFT
CENTER
RIGHT
Radicals Liberals
Moderates Conservatives Reactionaries
A reactionary would likely oppose any government programs designed to redistribute wealth.
87. The correct answer is (B). In 1945, Korea—a colony of Japan since 1910—was divided at the 38th
parallel. The southern portion was occupied by American troops, the northern portion by Soviet
troops. The Soviet Union created a government in North Korea over which it held considerable influ-
ence. On June 25, 1950, North Korean forces crossed the 38th parallel. The United States secured a
United Nation resolution condemning the aggression and committed ground troops to defend South
Korea. These troops were commanded by General Douglas MacArthur, a highly popular military
leader. MacArthur drove the North Korean forces back across the 38th parallel and began to talk
about using military force, including nuclear weapons against China, to unify Korea. In November,
China committed troops on the side of North Korea, and a battle line eventually stabilized along the
38th parallel. MacArthur still envisioned a total victory, but President Truman and the joint chiefs of
staff had settled on the much more limited aim of reestablishing the status quo. When MacArthur
publicly sided with Congressional leaders who favored total victory, Truman relieved him of his
command.