Anomalous solute transport in complex media Abstract
Applications in other fields
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- 4 Closing remarks
- Bibliography
3.3 Applications in other fields
Hillslope subsurface storm flow and solute transport with surface run-off are also important hydrologic applications of the fractional-order diffusion models. Hillslope flow is affected by topography, soil structure, and hydraulic properties, where water flow and solute transport can exhibit anomalous diffusion characteristics. Schumer et al. [18] introduced the power-law tailing distribution of random jumps and wait- ing time based on the analysis of the instability of complex velocity fields in rivers or Anomalous solute transport in complex media | 203 slope flows, and they further derived a fractional derivative model to describe the ex- perimental data of solute transport with surface run-off. Foufoula-Georgiou et al. [8] characterized the non-locality of solute transport in the slope flow using the space- fractional convection-diffusion equation model, and their results showed that the sed- iment flux may be different even if the local slope gradient is the same. Furthermore, the slope flow is influenced by the microscopic topography, the local slope angle, and the hydraulic properties of the soil (such as the hydraulic permeability), which may cause both the preferential flow and the delayed flow, a complex response of subsur- face stormflow to precipitation that can be well captured by the tempered fractional derivative model [31, 27]. Moreover, solute transport in groundwater may also be accompanied by chemical reactions or biological effects. The multi-system analysis which combines anomalous diffusion, chemical reactions, and biological activity is a research frontier in the ap- plication field [4, 24]. 4 Closing remarks Generally speaking, fractional derivative models have achieved great success in char- acterizing anomalous transport in complex media. There are however several prob- lems which have not been well solved. First, the predictability of parameters (es- pecially the fractional derivative order) for the fractional solute transport equation model and the mechanism analysis remain the key problems in field applications. Second, previous investigations of anomalous diffusion in different media indicated that the statistical descriptions of different diffusion processes are different, their physical mechanism is still unclear, and the link between fractional diffusion equa- tion models and statistical descriptions still needs further investigations. Third, the introduction of a fractional derivative in the mass conservation model leads to frac- tional dimensions for model parameters, whose definition and field measurement remain obscure. Bibliography [1] D. A. Benson, The Fractional Advection-Dispersion Equation: Development and Application, Ph. D. dissertation, Univ. of Nev., Reno, 1998. [2] D. A. Benson, S. W. Wheatcraft, and M. M. Meerschaert, Application of a fractional advection-dispersion equation, Water Resour. Res., 36 (2000), 1403–1412. [3] B. Berkowitz, S. Emmanuel, and H. Scher, Non-Fickian transport and multiple-rate mass transfer in porous media, Water Resour. Res., 44 (2008), W03402. [4] D. Bolster, P. Anna, and D. A. Benson et al., Incomplete mixing and reactions with fractional dispersion, Adv. Water Resour., 37 (2012), 86–93. |
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