Anomalous solute transport in complex media Abstract
Other types of fractional derivative models for solute
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2.6 Other types of fractional derivative models for solute
transport The tempered fractional diffusion equation model, which assumes that natural dy- namics are bounded with an upper limit (such as the upper limit for the random wait- ing times for immobile solute particles due to the finite thickness of low-permeability deposits or sorption capability of minerals), captures the complex mass transfer with a finite number of exchange rates between mobile and immobile phases, where the vari- ation of the solute concentration in the total phase (mobile plus immobile) is due to the divergence of flux in the mobile phase and mass transfer between the two phases [13]. This model uses an exponential factor to temper the unbounded, power-law density for waiting times between particle jumps, and therefore it characterizes the bounded process occurring in nature. The solute concentration in the total phase is governed by the following fractional derivative model: 𝜕 c(x, t) 𝜕 t + βe − λt 𝜕 α 𝜕 t α [ e λt c(x, t)] = K 𝜕 2 c(x, t) 𝜕 x 2 , (14) in which β (β > 0) denotes the capacity coefficient and λ (λ > 0) is the tempering or truncation parameter. Recently, the discrete fractional derivative operator, a powerful tool for discrete systems, has also been used to model anomalous diffusion [25]. This model is par- ticularly important in describing anomalous dynamics in which the physical quan- tity cannot be described as a continuous function. The expression of the discrete-time fractional diffusion equation can be stated as [25] Δ α h c(x, t) = K 𝜕 2 c(x, t) 𝜕 x 2 , (15) where Δ α h c(x, t) is the discrete-time fractional derivative with the order α. |
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