Anomalous solute transport in complex media Abstract
| H. G. Sun et al. 3 Several successful application areas of fractional
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| H. G. Sun et al. 3 Several successful application areas of fractional derivative diffusion equation models 3.1 Solute transport in aquifers Solute transport in aquifers is one of the important research topics of groundwater hy- drology and environmental sciences. Due to the complex internal architecture of nat- ural aquifers, the hydraulic permeability can be non-uniform and anisotropic, which challenges the applicability of Fick’s law, which assumes homogeneous media. Classi- cal differential equation models based on Fick’s law cannot reliably capture real-world dynamics. Therefore, the study of anomalous or non-Fickian diffusion in aquifers with multi-scale physical and chemical heterogeneity is practically important. The fractional diffusion equation model has been applied to analyze solute trans- port in various aquifers since 1998 [1]. Though it is not the first non-local transport model to characterize solute transport in complex media, the last two decades have witnessed dramatic progress in the method by the fractional derivative model. Ben- son et al. [2] used a one-dimensional fractional-order advection-dispersion equation model to analyze the migration of bromide ions in a fractured aquifer. Cushman and Ginn [7] found that the spatial fractional diffusion equation model with constant pa- rameters is a special case of the non-local dispersive constitutive theory. Schumer et al. [16] applied the generalized Taylor series expansion to build the one-dimensional spa- tial fractional convection-dispersion equation model with constant parameters. The follow-up study by Schumer et al. [17] built the fractal mobile-immobile fractional dif- fusion model, by replacing the single mass transfer rate by a power-law memory func- tion in the traditional mobile-immobile zone model. Huang et al. [11] employed the space-fractional derivative, one-dimensional advection-dispersion model to describe the migration of pollutants in fractured soil. Zhang et al. [30] reviewed previous appli- cations of space- and time-fractional diffusion models, and identified the appropriate fractional derivative models for laboratory and field experimental data for contam- inant transport. Multi-dimensional fractional derivative models were also developed and applied for mixed sub- and superdiffusion with direction-dependent scaling rates along arbitrary directions in real-world porous and fractured media [28]. Time- and space-dependent and multi-scale solute transport remains the key is- sue in the research of subsurface solute transport. If we consider the exchange and phase transition between mobile and immobile phases in porous media, a two-scale fractional derivative model can be obtained, such as the diffusion equation model [17]. This model can be regarded as a special case of the distributed-order derivative diffusion model, and its further expansion is called the tempered fractional deriva- tive diffusion model [13]. Reeves et al. [15] analyzed the anomalous solute diffusion behavior in discrete fracture networks by Monte Carlo simulations, and further de- scribed the resulting transport dynamics using the α-stable statistics. Meanwhile, the Anomalous solute transport in complex media | 201 multi-scale fractional diffusion model can be simulated by the Lagrangian solver [29]. Sun et al. [23] also analyzed the physical mechanism of the variable-order fractional derivative diffusion model, and further employed it to accurately describe the time- dependent solute migration process in aquifers. Download 276.08 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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