Aps-ajp-11-1001-Book indb
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6404f97bd5c2c-teacher-education-in-physics
APPENDIX C
Examples of student writing coded for specific categories Coding category Evidence of understanding Evidence of confusion 共a兲 an ability to differentiate between observations and explanations Galileo observed that when objects were dropped from a higher elevation they left a deeper impression in the sand 共pile driver兲. Galileo observed object falling at constant acceleration 共b兲 an ability to differentiate between explanations and predictions; Mayer explained that the difference between C p and C v for gases was due to the additional work that needs to be done on the gas when it expands at constant pressure. Mayer predicted the difference between C p and C v because of the work done. 共c兲 an ability to differentiate between observational and testing experiments; Joseph Black observed that the heat needed to warm up the same mass by the same number of degrees was much less for quicksilver than for water. He found this surprising as quicksilver was denser than water. Joseph Black was testing quicksilver and water for the amount of heat they need to change the temperature by 1 degree. 共d兲 an ability to relate the testing e xperiment to the prediction; Galileo predicted that the distance that the ball rolling down an inclined plane will increase as 1, 3, 5 units for each successive unit of time. The prediction was based on the idea that objects fall at constant acceleration and the assumption that rolling down the plane is similar to falling. Galileo predicted that the balls would roll down at the same acceleration. 共e兲 explicit hypothetico-deductive reasoning 共if, and, then, but or and, therefore 兲 Ampere reasoned that if two currents behave like magnets and he placed them next to each other, then they should repel when the currents are in the opposite direc- tion and attract when are in the same direc- tions. Download 231.88 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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